一维有机微纳米光功能材料研究进展

近年来,一维有机小分子微纳材料因为其新颖的光学性能和在未来小型化器件中的广泛应用,受到了人们越来越多的关注.相比于传统无机半导体材料,有机小分子材料具有结构多样性、功能可设计性、易大量制备、易机械加工等显著优势.本文将从一维有机小分子纳米材料的制备方法、形貌调控、光学性能(如光波导、受激发射、电致发光等),及其在光学器件上的应用出发,对近十年来的相关研究进展及成果进行总结和介绍.     

纳米微晶的制备及其性质研究

有机纳米微晶在纳米电子器件等方面具有应用前景, 已成为当前纳米科学的研究热点之一[1]. Nakanishi等[2,3]用再沉淀法制备出了有机纳米微晶, 但并未研究其生长机制和各种制备条件对生长过程的影响. 本文制备了不同粒径的纳米微晶, 研究了晶体结构和光谱性质的变化规律, 讨论了影响粒径大小和生长速率的因素, 为建立可行的有机微晶制备方法提供依据.     

1,3-二苯基-2-吡唑啉纳米带的制备及其光波导性质

以1,3-二苯基-2-吡唑啉(DP)为目标化合物, 利用再沉淀方法, 以混合溶剂作为不良溶剂, 制备了形貌均一、宽度约2 μm、厚度200 nm和长度数十微米的一维纳米带状结构. 选区电子衍射结果证实, DP分子在纳米带中因为强的分子间π-π相互作用而沿着晶体[100]方向优势生长. 稳态光谱结果表明, DP纳米带具有不同于分子和体相材料的介观特性. 由于J-聚体在DP纳米带中优势形成, 其480 nm的发射峰与分子和体相材料相比分别红移了30和20 nm. 利用扫描近场光学显微镜进一步发现, 一维DP纳米带类似于天然的亚波长尺度谐振腔, 紫外激发DP分子发射的荧光被限域在DP纳米带中, 沿一维方向传导并在两端耦合输出.     

一种具有高效光致变色性能的WO3/ZnO纳米粒子复合体系

WO3是一种重要的无机光致变色材料,在大屏幕显示和高密度信息存储等领域中具有广泛的应用前景[1～3].与有机光致变色材料相比,WO3稳定性好、成本低,但其光致变色效率较差.为了提高这类无机材料的变色效率,已经提出了各种解决方案并已取得了许多有意义的结果.例如将光响应材料与WO3复合可以有效地抑制光激发后电子的复合过程,从而提高参与变色过程的光生载流子的数量,改善WO3的光致变色性能.利用金纳米粒子对WO3薄膜进行修饰可以使其变色效率提高近2倍[4],而利用TiO2与WO3溶胶复合则可使变色效率提高近40倍[5].本文报道一种新型的WO3/ZnO纳米粒子复合体系.实验结果表明与WO3相比这种新型纳米粒子复合体系的变色效率可提高200倍以上.     

钨硅酸/有机胺改性的二氧化硅纳米复合薄膜的制备和光致变色性质

光致变色材料由于在信息显示、传感器、调光器件和高密度存储等领域中具有显著的应用前景而备受关注[1] .杂多酸是一类含有氧桥的无机多核配合物 ,可作为电子受体与有机给体形成电子给 -受配合物 ,该类配合物在光激发下可发生电子转移 ,并表现出光致变色性 [2 ,3] .文献 [4,5 ]已报道了以杂多酸为电子受体设计制备光致变色化合物 ,并研究了其在固态和溶液中的光致变色性 ,但由于粉末和溶液本身的局限性而限制了其应用 .本文首次报道了由溶胶 -凝胶法将钨硅酸 ( Si WA)引入到有机胺改性的二氧化硅 ( APS)网络 ,得到 Si WA/APS纳米复合薄…     

Morphology Control over the Organic Nanoparticles of 1,3-Diphenyl-5-（9-anthryl）-2-pyrazoline

The organic nanoparticles of a blue-light-emitting molecule, 1,3-diphenyl-5-(9-anthryl)-2-pyrazuline, were prepared by reprecipitation method using acetonitrile as the solvent for the molecular precursor. Three morphologies, spherical, doughnut-shaped and cubic, could be observed on the silicon substrate forthe nanoparfides by the volume-controlled addition of acetonitrile. The evolution of particle morphology as a function of acetonitrile addition was attributed to the variation of the growth habits of the particles in the different environment. The nanoparticles exhibit the novel photoluminescence spectra as compared to those of monomer and the bulk crystals.     

Novel Properties of Photochromic Spirooxazine Nanoparticles

The nanoparticles of a spirooxazine （SPO） and its photomerocyanine （PMC） were prepared through the reprecipitation method. Two distinct features were observed. One is that the decaying lifetime for PMC nanoparticles was 600 times of that for the dispersed molecules, and the other is that the fluorescence intensity of SPO nanoparticles was enhanced by 240 times of that of the dispersed monomer.     

多钼酸盐–柠檬酸复合膜的多色光致变色

制备了多钼酸盐–柠檬酸光致变色复合膜，紫外光照后发现不同摩尔比的复合膜呈现不同的颜色。当摩尔比为1.0，0.3和0.2时，变色后的薄膜分别显深蓝色，深黄褐色和淡海绿色。通过对薄膜的拉曼光谱分析证实呈现不同的颜色是由于在变色后的膜中生成了不同的物种。柠檬酸在光致变色过程中起着重要的作用, 在紫外光的照射下它作为空穴的捕获剂, 抑制了光生电子和空穴的复合, 使多钼酸盐呈现紫外光致变色现象。     

担载材料对TiO2薄膜光催化活性的影响

TiO_2 nanocrystalline films were prepared on glass, ITO and p-Si substrates. Degradation of Rhodamine B was used to assess the photocatalytic activity of the films. It was found that photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films on ITO and p-Si are higher than that on glass, and the film grown on ITO is the best. In addition, crystalline phases and surface morphology of TiO_2films were also affected by different substrates. Surface Photovoltage Spectra was used to analyze surface states and energy levels of the films. Separation of photogenerate electrons and holes was promoted due to matching of the energy levels between TiO_2 films and ITO as well as p-Si. High photocatalytic activity was then obtained because more photogenerate electrons and holes took part in photocatalytic reaction on TiO_2 surfaces.     

光致变色WO3/4,4′-BPPOBp超晶格薄膜的制备

Layered WO3/4,4′-BPPOBp self-assemble mulitlayers (SAMs) films have been fabricated by polyelectrolytes (PEs) approach.The SAMs films with well-ordered superlattice structure and d-space of 0.695nm and good photochromic property have been studied by employing UV- visible,small angle XRD and XPS.