高品质激光尾波场电子加速器

激光尾波场电子加速的加速梯度相比于传统直线加速器高了3—4个量级,对于小型化粒子加速器与辐射源的研制具有重要的意义,成为当今国内外的研究热点.台式化辐射源应用需求的提高,特别是自由电子激光装置的快速发展,对电子束流品质提出了更高的要求,激光尾波场电子加速的束流品质和稳定性是目前实现新型辐射源的首要障碍.本文归纳整理了中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所电子加速研究团队十年来在研制台式化激光尾波场电子加速器过程中采取的方案和取得的进展.例如率先提出了注入级和加速级分离的级联加速方案,通过实验获得了GeV量级的电子束能量;基于级联加速方式利用能量啁啾控制,实验获得世界最高品质的电子束流;通过优化激光系统稳定性和特殊的气体喷流结构,获得稳定的高品质电子束流输出等.这一系列实验结果有利于进一步推进激光尾波场电子加速器的应用.     

Cooling-induced increase of methane cluster size investigated under a Coulomb explosion scheme

In this letter, we discuss the increase in the average cluster size by lowering the stagnation temperature of the methane （CH4） gas. The Coulomb explosion experiments are conducted to estimate the cluster size and the size distribution. The average CH4 cluster sizes Nay of 6 230 and 6 580 are acquired with the source conditions of 30 bars at 240 K and 60 bars at 296 K, respectively. Empirical estimation suggests a five-fold increase in the average size of the CH4 clusters at 240 K compared with that at room temperature under a backing pressure of 30 bars. A strong nonlinear Hagena parameter relation （Г^＊∝ T0^-3.3） for the CH4 clusters is revealed. The results may be favorable for the production of large-sized clusters by using gases at low temperature and high back pressures.     

Investigations of ionization-induced injection of laser wake field acceleration using phenomenological model

We develop a phenomenological model to investigate dynamics of ionization-induced injection. In the ＂bubble＂ regime of laser wakefield acceleration （LWFA）, it is found that there is an upper limit for laser intensity of ionization-induced injection. In the plane perpendicular to the laser polarization, when the laser pulse is linearly polarized, ionization-induced injected electrons exhibit a filamented structure and semi-coherent betatron oscillation.     

Developments in laser wakefield accelerators:From single-stage to two-stage

Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)are compact accelerators which can produce femtosecond high-energy electron beams on a much smaller scale than the conventional radiofrequency accelerators.It is attributed to their high acceleration gradient which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the traditional ones.The past decade has witnessed the major breakthroughs and progress in developing the laser wakfield accelerators.To achieve the LWFAs suitable for applications,more and more attention has been paid to optimize the LWFAs for high-quality electron beams.A single-staged LWFA does not favor generating controllable electron beams beyond 1 Ge V since electron injection and acceleration are coupled and cannot be independently controlled.Staged LWFAs provide a promising route to overcome this disadvantage by decoupling injection from acceleration and thus the electron-beam quality as well as the stability can be greatly improved.This paper provides an overview of the physical conceptions of the LWFA,as well as the major breakthroughs and progress in developing LWFAs from single-stage to two-stage LWFAs.     

基于改进粒子群算法V型非传统布局仓库通道优化设计

V型仓储布局是一种典型的非传统布局方式,针对V型布局主通道设计的问题,将主通道抽象为若干个点连接而成的折线通道,每条拣货通道按物动量大小对仓库进行分区,采用更加符合实际的存取货物作业的概率不相等的非完全随机存储策略,建立最小化平均拣货距离的仓库主通道设计数学优化模型。其次,设计了基于极值扰动算子的改进粒子群优化算法(EDO-PSO)进行算法求解,利用极值扰动算子解决易陷入局部最优问题,采用并行深度搜索策略,提高算法性能,并用Benchmark函数与其他改进PSO算法对比验证算法性能。最后,结合具体实验数据仿真分析,计算结果表明,该方法在相同货位分配策略下,能有效缩短总拣货距离,验证了方法的有效性。     

Interaction of intense laser pulses with atomic clusters at different gas densities

The interaction of intense femtosecond laser pulses with rare gas clusters was studied experimentally, the time-of-flight spectra of ions from exploding clusters at different gas densities have been measured. It is found that while the relative components of ions in low and high energy of the ion energy spectrum decrease with the increase of the gas density, the average ion energies are the same for different gas densities, which indicates that the effect of gas density on laser-cluster interaction is not important under our experimental conditions.     

Time-Resolved Investigation of Ionization of Clusters Irradiated by a Strong Laser

Ionization dynamics of clusters irradiated by chirped femtosecond lasers is investigated by using a linearly chirped pulse spectral interferometry with a time resolution of less than lOOfs. The production of an average charged-Xe^18 and -Kr^9 ions indicates a strong energy coupling between laser and cluster. Ultrafast depletion of the probing laser is observed to be strictly coincident with the ionization front as seen in other experiments. Moreover,a two-step ionization process for Xe and Kr clusters irradiated by high-intensity lasers has been observed, which implies the role of resonance enhancement during the cluster explosion.     

Coulomb expansion of deuterated methane clusters irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser pulse

The simulations of three-dimensional particle dynamics show that when irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser pulse, the deuterated methane cluster expands and the majority of deuterons overrun the more slowly expanding carbon ions, resulting in the creation of two separated subelusters. The enhanced deuteron kinetic energy and a narrow peak around the energy maximum in the deuteron energy distribution make a considerable contribution to the efficiency of nuclear fusion compared with the ease of homonuelear deuterium clusters. With the intense laser irradiation, the nuclear fusion yield increases with the increase of the cluster size, so that deuterated heteronuelear clusters with larger sizes are required to achieve a greater neutron yield.     

基于强激光辐照固体锡靶产生极紫外光源的实验研究

建立了一套利用高功率YAG激光器辐照固体锡靶产生高转换效率极紫外光 (extreme ultraviolet) 源的实验装置.利用建立的实验装置开展了极紫外光源的强度和转换效率与抽运激光强度关系的实验研究,发现极紫外光源的转换效率随抽运激光强度的变化具有饱和效应.实验发现：当抽运激光能量达到250mJ时,极紫外光源的转换效率最高,波长为13.5nm处0.27nm带宽范围内的极紫外光源的能量转换效率为1.6%,此时对应的激光强度为1.8×10¹¹W/cm². 关键词： 极紫外光 转换效率     

LIPF法对甲烷空气火焰温度及OH分布场的测量

 介绍了激光感生预分离荧光法(LIPF)的原理及一维与二维测量实验装置。利用可调谐KrF准分子激光器,在甲烷 空气火焰中测得了燃烧中间产物OH的系列荧光谱线及OH分子的二维荧光图象,对它的谱线结构进行了分析,并给出了燃烧火焰的一维温度值,测量的相对误差小于3%。二维荧光图象也定性表明燃烧火焰的OH分子密度分布和二维温度场等信息。