Monitoring the Thiol/Thiophenol Molecule-Modulated Plasmon-Mediated Silver Oxidation with Dark-Field Optical Microscopy

Surface plasmon can trigger or accelerate many photochemical reactions, especially useful in energy and environmental industries. Recently, molecular adsorption has proven effective in modulating plasmon-mediated photochemistry, however the realized chemical reactions are limited and the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Herein, by using in situ dark-field optical microscopy, the plasmon-mediated oxidative etching of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), a typical hot-hole-driven reaction, is monitored continuously and quantitatively. The presence of thiol or thiophenol molecules is found essential in the silver oxidation. In addition, the rate of silver oxidation is modulated by the choice of different thiol or thiophenol molecules. Compared with the molecules having electron donating groups, the ones having electron accepting groups accelerate the silver oxidation dramatically. The thiol/thiophenol modulation is attributed to the modulation of the charge separation between the Ag NPs and the adsorbed thiol or thiophenol molecules. This work demonstrates the great potential of molecular adsorption in modulating the plasmon-mediated photochemistry, which will pave a new way for developing highly efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.     

New ANCF solid-beam element: relationship with Bézier volume and application on leaf spring modeling

Acta Mechanica Sinica - An eight-node solid-beam element based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) which uses cubic interpolation at the longitudinal direction and linear at the...     

液液提取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人体血液中16种有机磷酸酯

人体体液中有机磷酸酯(OPEs)浓度的测定对于了解人体OPEs的暴露水平以及评估人体健康风险具有重要意义。然而,目前的研究大多数集中于尿液中OPEs代谢物含量的分析测定,将其作为人体OPEs暴露的生物标志物,而对人体血液中OPEs的分析研究较少,仅有的少量研究涉及的OPEs种类有限。该研究在优化前处理过程(固相萃取,SPE)和色谱分离的基础上,建立了人体血液中16种OPEs的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS-MS)测定方法。血液样品经过乙腈摇床萃取后,经ENVI-18 SPE小柱净化,然后采用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱,以甲醇/5 mmol/L的乙酸铵水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱对目标物进行分离,最后进行LC-MS/MS测定。质谱分析采用电喷雾正离子模式电离,多重反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。在优化的检测条件下,16种OPEs的检出限为0.0038~0.882 ng/mL。除磷酸三甲酯(TMP)外,其余15种OPEs在3个浓度水平的血液基质加标回收率为53.1%~126%,相对标准偏差为0.15%~12.6%。样品的基质效应检测发现,4种OPEs存在明显的基质抑制,选用合适的同位素内标进行定量,可以部分消除基质影响。该方法样品前处理简单,灵敏度高,适用于人体血液样品中OPEs阻燃剂的测定。15个人体血液样本分析结果表明,OPEs的总浓度范围为1.50~7.99 ng/mL,其中8种OPEs的检出率均高于50%,磷酸三异丁酯(TiBP)、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)和磷酸三(1-氯-2-丙基)磷酸酯(TCIPP)为主要的OPEs,表明人体存在较为普遍的OPEs暴露,应该引起关注。     

A cosolvent pretreatment: effect of solvent–water on enzymatic hydrolysis of glucan,lignin structure,and dynamics

Cellulose - In this study, a biomass pretreatment strategy with a recyclable cosolvent (toluene sulfonic acid/ethanol) was developed. The low boiling point solvent (78.15 °C),...     

Comprehensive characterization of natural organic matter by MALDI- and ESI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex and non-uniform mixture of organic compounds which plays an important role in environmental processes. Due to the complexity, it is challenging to obtain fully detailed structural information about NOM. Although Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for providing molecular information about NOM, multiple ionization methods are needed for comprehensive characterization of NOM at the molecular level considering the ionizing selectivity of different ionization methods. This paper reports the first use of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) method coupled with FT-ICR-MS for molecular characterization of NOM within a mass range of 200–800 Da. The mass spectral data obtained by MALDI were systematically compared with data generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). It showed that complementary molecular information about NOM which could not be detected by ESI, were provided by MALDI. More unsaturated and aromatic constituents of NOM with lower O/C ratio (O/C ratio < 0.5) were preferentially ionized in MALDI negative mode, whereas more polar constituents of NOM with higher O/C ratio were preferentially ionized in ESI negative mode. Molecular anions of NOM appearing at even m/z in MALDI negative ion mode were detected. The results show that NOM molecules with aromatic structures, moderate O/C ratio (0.7 > O/C ratio > 0.25) and lower H/C ratio were liable to form molecular anions at even m/z, whereas those with higher H/C ratio are more likely to form deprotonated ions at odd m/z. It is speculated that almost half of the NOM molecules identified by MALDI may be aromatic or condensed aromatic compounds with special groups which are liable to absorb electron from other molecules to generate free radical anions during MALDI ionization.     

酪酸梭菌抗阿司匹林致小鼠胃溃 疡作用的初步研究

目的 观测酪酸梭菌是否对阿司匹林导致的胃溃疡具有预防效应,并对其机制进行初步探讨。方法 取30只健康 雄性ICR 小鼠,随机分成3 组,每组各10 只,即模型组、酪酸梭菌组、奥美拉唑组。酪酸梭菌组以6×108cfu/ 只的菌量,模型组和奥美拉唑组均予以相同体积的无菌培养基,灌胃4d 后再饥饿处理48h,然后以250mg/kg 剂量的阿司匹林灌胃造模,奥美拉唑组小鼠于造模前30min,腹腔注射奥美拉唑（13mg/kg）。造模4h 后,取胃组织分别测定SOD、CAT 活力、MDA 含量;进行常规HE 染色观察胃黏膜组织结构变化,PAS染色判断黏液量的变化,免疫组化法测定Bcl-2、Bax 表达水平。结果 模型组的SOD、CAT 活性明显降低,MDA 含量显著增加,而酪酸梭菌预处理后逆转了该趋势（P＜0.01）,与奥美拉唑组比较无统计学差异。HE染色观察,酪酸梭菌能减轻胃黏膜的病理损伤,与奥美拉唑组无统计学差异。PAS 结果提示酪酸梭菌能够增加黏液量。酪酸梭菌组的Bcl-2 表达较模型组显著增多,同时Bax 表达显著减少。结论 酪酸梭菌预处理通过抗氧化应激、增加胃黏液量、上调Bcl-2/Bax 表达比例,减轻阿司匹 林造成的胃溃疡损伤。     

无电沉积法AuNPs-MWCNTs的制备及其对黄酮类化合物的电化学催化性能研究

利用多壁碳纳米管具有较低的还原电位,以多壁碳纳米管作为还原剂和负载基底,通过无电沉积法制备了负载纳米金粒子的碳纳米管催化剂。此种材料具有更多的活性位点,避免了纳米金粒子表面保护剂的存在造成其催化活性降低的缺陷,发现其对典型黄酮类化合物-芦丁和黄芩苷具有良好的电化学催化性能和较高的灵敏度,并将其应用于电化学分析检测黄酮类化合物。     

Cross‐linked starch‐based polymer as an SPE material for the determination of nitrophenols at trace levels in environmental water

SPE using a cross‐linked starch‐based polymer (CSMDI) as an adsorbent for the determination of four nitrophenols at trace levels from aqueous solution was investigated. The CSMDI was synthesized from native starch using 4,4′‐methylenebisphenyldiisocyanate as a cross‐linking agent in dry DMF. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency including the pH of the water sample, type of eluent and its volume, flow rate, sample volume, and methanol content were investigated and optimized. The optimized results exhibited excellent linear relationships (R² > 0.995) for all the nitrophenols over the range of 2.0–200 ng/mL, with the RSD values in the range of 2.9–5.7% (n = 5). The LODs ranged from 0.08–0.34 ng/mL (S/N = 3) for the four nitrophenols tested under optimum conditions. The developed method has been successfully applied for the analysis of several real environmental water samples including tap, river, and reservoir water. These results indicated that the CSMDI had a tremendous potential for the enrichment and determination of nitrophenols at trace levels in environmental water samples.     

Enhanced Propene/Propane Separation by Directional Decoration of the 12‐Membered Rings of Mordenite with ZIF Fragments

Propene/propane separation is challenging due to the very small difference in molecular sizes, boiling points and condensabilities between these molecules. Herein, we report a strategy of introducing ZIF fragments into traditional mordenite (MOR) zeolite to decorate the 12‐membered ring of MOR. After decoration, the originally ineffective zeolite MOR exhibited high kinetic propene/propane selectivities (139 at 25 °C) and achieved efficient propene/propane separation. The propene/propane separation potentials of the resulting adsorbents were further confirmed by breakthrough experiments with equimolar propene/propane (50/50) mixtures.