芘二聚体发夹探针用于细胞DNA单链断裂修复能力的评估

基于芘分子二聚体的荧光特性设计了一种新型的发夹探针,用于评估不同细胞的单链断裂修复(SSBR)能力.首先利用芘荧光分子设计一个茎上有缺口的DNA发夹探针,该探针在Bst DNA聚合酶作用下可以水解,使荧光信号“关闭”.如果探针茎上的缺口被DNA修复酶修复,可以阻止Bst DNA聚合酶对探针的消化作用,从而阻止荧光信号的“关闭”.该设计可以用于评估细胞的SSBR能力,并通过提取细胞的核蛋白考察了不同细胞的SSBR能力.研究结果表明,肿瘤细胞及细胞系不具有原代细胞的SSBR能力.利用SSBR的关键酶进一步探索了肿瘤细胞SSBR能力缺失的原因,证明是由于肿瘤细胞中含有可以抑制SSBR过程的活性物质.此外,该方法能够同时进行500个细胞的SSBR能力检测,并用于抗衰老药物筛选.     

Using a water-confined carbon nanotube to probe the electricity of sequential charged segments of macromolecules

The detection of macromolecular conformation is particularly important in many physical and biological applications. Here we theoretically explore a method for achieving this detection by probing the electricity of sequential charged segments of macromolecules. Our analysis is based on molecular dynamics simulations, and we investigate a single file of water molecules confined in a half-capped single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with an external electric charge of +e or -e (e is the elementary charge). The charge is located in the vicinity of the cap of the SWCNT and along the centerline of the SWCNT. We reveal the picosecond timescale for the re-orientation (namely, from one unidirectional direction to the other) of the water molecules in response to a switch in the charge signal, -e → +e or +e →-e. Our results are well understood by taking into account the electrical interactions between the water molecules and between the water molecules and the external charge. Because such signals of re-orientation can be magnified and transported according to Tu et al. [2009 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 18120], it becomes possible to record fingerprints of electric signals arising from sequential charged segments of a macromolecule, which are expected to be useful for recognizing the conformations of some particular macromolecules.     

拉伸分子动力学方法研究高分子单链的吸附现象

采用拉伸分子动力学方法研究聚乙烯单链从一个强吸附表面被拉伸的动力学过程.当聚乙烯单链被拉伸时,从理想弹簧测量到的平均力与形变的曲线上出现了一个力的平台,这与实验结果非常一致.在研究这个平台力与拉伸速度的关系时发现,当速度v<0.001 nm/ps时,不随速度的变化而变化;当速度v>0.001 nm/ps时,随着拉伸速度的增加而迅速上升,这表明拉伸速度0.001 nm/ps是平衡态拉伸和非平衡态拉伸的临界点,并与链长无关.按顺序拉伸和释放这条链,观察到有趣的力回滞现象,并与实验结果进行了比较.     

外力诱导吸附高分子单链的拉伸分子动力学研究

采用拉伸分子动力学方法研究聚乙烯单链在真空中从一个强吸附表面被拉伸的动力学过程. 当聚乙烯单链从中间1/3处被拉伸时,通过理想弹簧可测量其平均力〈f〉,发现在拉力与拉伸距离的曲线上出现了两个平台,这与实验结果非常一致,同时研究了在这个过程中链的形状变化情况,发现形状变化经历了四个阶段. 当聚乙烯单链的一端与吸附表面成一定倾斜角拉伸时,发现通过理想弹簧测量到的平均吸附力〈f〉与倾斜角θ在θ>20°的范围里总保持线性关系,并且其斜率随着拉伸速度的增加而增 关键词： 拉伸分子动力学 聚乙烯链 吸附现象     

丙烯腈单体自由基反应及光谱分析的研究

采用密度泛函理论对以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂形成的丙烯腈单体自由基(CH₃)₂(CN)C—CH₂—(CN)CH的终止方式反应机理进行研究。先用B3LYP/6-31G(d)基组对反应物、偶合中间体、过渡态、歧化产物的几何构型进行优化,并计算了各物种经过零点能校正后的总能量,红外频率和电子结构,同时对过渡态结构进行了验证。研究结果表明,反应物先通过自由基的偶合终止方式形成偶合中间体a,再由此经过氢迁移、裂解等机理得到歧化终止产物P[p₁(CH₃)₂(CN)CCHCHCN+p₂(CH₃)₂(CN)C—CH₂—CH₂CN]。双自由基发生偶合和歧化终止反应分别形成偶合中间体a和歧化终止产物P均为放热反应,且偶合产物有着更低的能量。反应过程的速控步骤a→TS→P在常温下的速率常数表示为k(298.15 K)=2.71×10-59。歧化终止反应随着反应温度的升高易于进行,歧化产物所占的比例也增加。通过对反应过程各物种红外谱图的分析,说明自由基在整个终止反应的化学变化,同时分析了HOMO-LUMO电子密度分布的信息,验证丙烯腈双自由基偶合终止方式和各物种结构的准确性。     

Using a water-confined carbon nanotube to probe electricity of sequential charged segments of macromolecules

The detection of macromolecular conformation is particularly important in many physical and biological applications. Here we theoretically explore a method for achieving this detection by probing the electricity of sequential charged segments of macromolecules. Our analysis is based on molecular dynamics simulations, and we investigate a single file of water molecules confined in a half-capped single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) with an external electric charge of +e or ?e (e is the elementary charge). The charge is located in the vicinity of the cap of the SWCNT and along the centerline of the SWCNT. We reveal the picosecond timescale for the re-orientation (namely, from one unidirectional direction to the other) of the water molecules in response to a switch in the charge signal, ?e → +e or +e → ?e. Our results are well understood by taking into account the electrical interactions between the water molecules and between the water molecules and the external charge. Because such signals of re-orientations can be magnified and transported according to Tu et al. [2009 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106 18120], it becomes possible to record fingerprints of electric signals arising from sequential charged segments of a macromolecule, which are expected to be useful for recognizing the conformations of some particular macromolecules.     

航空装备飞行机务准备时间估算方法研究

航空装备飞行机务准备是保持和及时恢复飞机良好状态并使之符合具体飞行任务的重要工作内容,直接影响着飞机的出动强度.以航空装备直接飞行机务准备工作为例,建立航空装备机务准备时间估算模型,对模型进行了求解,实例证明该方法对于估算飞行机务准备维修时间,优化机务准备流程,缩短飞行机务准备时间,完善机务维修保障工作提供了一种有效的途径.     

基于灰色系统理论的空军装备维修保障费用预测模型

随着空军武器装备的迅猛发展,维修保障在装备战斗力形成和发挥中的地位与作用越来越重要.运用灰色系统理论,科学确定装备维修保障需求,使维修保障系统建设与武器装备发展需求相协调,维修保障能力与装备作战需要相适应,不断满足现代高技术条件下军事斗争准备对维修保障的需求.     

储能电池簇液流冷却温控性能优化仿真研究

为了提高储能电站中电池簇的散热效果、改善电池表面温度分布的不均匀性，本文按照实际尺寸建立了电池簇的液冷仿真模型。利用Fluent仿真软件研究了出水口布置在不同位置时的散热效果，选定了最佳的布置方案，最大温差由16 K降低到13 K,降低了18.8%。进一步研究分析了冷板布置在底面和侧面时的散热效果，结果表明，采用冷板布置在电池侧面的方案，电池表面温度分布的不均匀性得到改善，最大温差由13 K减小到3.7 K,减小了71.5%,温差被控制在规定范围内。     

结晶度对微波作用下PET水解解聚的影响

本文对微波作用下PET的中性水解解聚反应中原料结晶度的影响进行了研究.