气泡在自由液面破碎后的射流断裂现象研究

在势流假设下, 考虑表面张力以及黏性修正, 建立自由液面在气泡破碎后全非线性运动的数值模型, 给出射流断裂和水滴撕裂的数值处理方法. 同时进行上浮气泡在自由液面破裂的实验研究, 数值解与实验值符合良好.为了研究自由液面在气泡破碎后的运动学机理和规律, 运用开发的程序研究了不同尺寸气泡破碎后的动态特性, 包括从气泡底部顶起的射流、射流断裂以及水滴分裂等复杂的物理现象, 总结了从射流上撕裂出的第一个水滴尺寸、撕裂时间以及最大射流速度的变化规律. 最后讨论了雷诺数与韦伯数对气泡破碎后自由液面运动的影响. 关键词： 气泡 自由液面 破碎 断裂     

Numerical simulation of trajectory and deformation of bubble in tip vortex

According to the behaviors of a bubble in the ship wake flow,the numerical simulation is divided into two stages,quasi-spherical motion and non-spherical motion,based on whether the bubble is captured by the vortex or not.The one-way coupled particle tracking method(PTM) and the boundary element method(BEM) are adopted to simulate these two stages,respectively.Meanwhile,the initial condition of the second stage is taken as the output of the first one,and the entire simulation is connected and completed.Based on the numerical results and the published experimental data,the cavitation inception is studied,and the wake bubble is tracked.Besides,the split of the bubble captured by the vortex and the following sub-bubbles are simulated,including motion,deformation,and collapse.The results provide some insights into the control on wake bubbles and optimization of the wake flow.     

基于"兴趣-科研-探索"的船舶与海洋工程流体力学启发式教学模式初探

针对船舶与海洋工程流体力学课程的教学特点,提出一种"兴趣–科研–探索"的启发式教学模式。该教学模式以"兴趣驱动"为牵引,以"科研应用"为抓手,以"探索未知"为导向,最大限度地调动学生的主动学习能力和发散思维潜力。以空泡现象为例,将该模式与船舶与海洋工程流体力学知识点相结合,激发学生对于知识点的好奇和兴趣,加深学生对于知识点的掌握和应用,启发学生对于知识点的理解和想象,旨在为该课程教学探索一种新模式。     

梢涡流场中气泡轨迹及形态数值模拟

针对气泡在舰船尾迹涡流场运动特性,根据其是否为尾涡所捕获,将数值模拟过程分为两个阶段:准球状运动阶段和非球状运动阶段．分别应用单向耦合质点粒子追踪法（PTM）和边界元法（BEM）模拟这两个阶段,将第1阶段结束的物理量作为第2阶段的初始条件,从而完成整个数值模拟过程．在已有数值研究结果和实验数据基础上,探讨空化发生条件,追踪尾迹空泡运动轨迹,模拟尾迹气泡的运动、变形、溃灭等,以及被尾涡捕获后的撕裂等运动特性,旨在为优化设计尾流场提供参考．     

Numerical simulation of bubble breakup phenomena in a narrow flow field

Based on the boundary integral method, a 3D bubble breakup model in a narrow flow field is established, and a corresponding computation program is developed to simulate the symmetrical and asymmetrical bubble breakup. The calculated results are compared with the experimental results and agree with them very well, indicating that the numerical model is valid. Based on the basic behavior of bubbles in a narrow flow field, the symmetrical and asymmetrical bubble breakup is studied systematically using the developed program. A feasibility rule of 3D bubble breakup is presented. The dynamics of sub-bubbles after splitting is studied. The influences of characteristic parameters on bubble breakup and sub-bubble dynamics are analyzed.     

狭窄流域内气泡破裂现象数值模拟

基于边界积分法建立狭窄流域内气泡破裂数值模型,开发相应的计算程序,分别模拟对称破裂与非对称破裂两类典型工况并与相应实验结果进行对比,计算值与实验值吻合很好,表明三维数值模型的有效性．从狭窄流域内气泡运动的基本现象入手,基于开发的程序系统地研究气泡的对称破裂与非对称破裂,在已有数值研究成果和实验数据基础上,提出气泡破裂的可行性准则,研究分裂后子气泡的动力学特性,并分析距离参数对气泡破裂特性及子气泡动力学行为的影响,总结相应规律,旨在为相关气泡破裂特性研究提供参考．     

海冰与波流耦合动力学的研究进展

随着全球气候变暖,北极活动频次的逐渐增加,海冰与波流的耦合作用成为了国内外的热点研究问题. 海冰的存在会改变波浪的传播特性和色散关系,也会改变海流运动的边界条件,使得海流在冰面下边界处可能产生漩涡脱落等现象;而海冰在波浪、海流等动力作用下,也会不断发生生消、断裂、重叠和堆积等动力学行为.海冰与波流耦合动力学中存在几大难点问题:一是海冰模型的构建,需要针对海冰类型和性质的不同,考虑不同区域的海冰分布情况建立合适的海冰模型.二是冰水之间的耦合问题,海冰边界影响着冰水之间的动量和能量交换,对于冰盖、浮冰等不同类型海冰,需分别处理边界问题;冰水耦合引起的海冰破坏,其破坏模式也是多样的.三是波流联合场的构建,目前尚无较好的方法构建波流联合场,导致海冰与波流联合场作用的相关研究仍极其匮乏.因此,本文针对海冰与波流相互作用问题,回顾和讨论国内外对海冰与波浪、海冰与海流及海冰与波流相互作用的研究现状和技术难点,展望了未来可以进一步深入研究的问题,提出了初步的思路以供参考.      

Numerical simulation of motion and deformation of ring bubble along body surface

Numerical simulation for fluid flow over an attached rigid body with a deformable ring bubble is analyzed based on the velocity potential theory together with the boundary element method （BEM）. The analysis is focused on the axisymmetric case. The bubble surface is treated as a well defined air-liquid interface and is tracked by a mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian method. The points of intersection between the bubble and body are treated, specially in the numerical procedure. The auxiliary function method is adopted to calculate the pressure on the body surface and in the flow field. The convergence study is undertaken to assess the developed numerical method and the computation code. Some case studies are undertaken in which the interactions between the bubble/body and the incoming flow field are simulated. The effects of various physical parameters on the interactions are investigated.     

流体黏性及表面张力对气泡运动特性的影响

基于气泡边界层理论,引入黏性修正,采用边界积分法,考虑黏性效应和表面张力在单气泡以及双气泡耦合作用过程中的影响.首先将建立的数值模型与Rayleigh-Plesset的解析解进行对比,发现二者符合良好,验证了数值模型的有效性;在此基础上,建立考虑流体弱黏性效应的双气泡耦合模型,研究流体黏性和表面张力作用下,气泡表面变形、射流速度、流场能量转换等物理量的变化规律;最后研究雷诺数和韦伯数对于气泡脉动特性的影响规律.结果表明,流体黏性会抑制气泡脉动和气泡射流发展,降低气泡半径和射流速度;表面张力不改变气泡脉动幅值,但缩短了脉动周期,提升气泡势能.     

基于“兴趣-科研-探索”的船舶与海洋工程流体力学启发式教学模式初探

针对船舶与海洋工程流体力学课程的教学特点,提出一种“兴趣-科研-探索”的启发式教学模式。该教学模式以“兴趣驱动”为牵引,以“科研应用”为抓手,以“探索未知”为导向,最大限度地调动学生的主动学习能力和发散思维潜力。以空泡现象为例,将该模式与船舶与海洋工程流体力学知识点相结合,激发学生对于知识点的好奇和兴趣,加深学生对于知识点的掌握和应用,启发学生对于知识点的理解和想象,旨在为该课程教学探索一种新模式。