2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四硝酸酯的合成、晶体结构及性能研究

以硝基甲烷为起始原料,经缩合、环化、氧化耦合、脱缩酮及硝化等5步反应合成了2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇四硝酸酯(BHDBT),总收率为36.1％,并采用核磁共振谱、红外光谱以及元素分析等进行了结构表征.用浓盐酸代替氯化氢气体,改进了关键中间体2,3-二羟甲基-2,3-二硝基-1,4-丁二醇(BHDB)的合成方法,并确定最佳反应条件为:刀(浓盐酸):n(BDND)=1.1∶1,反应温度55℃,时间4h,收率为94.8％.首次发现了BHDB和BHDBT的亚甲基质子具有磁不等价性,并从理论上分析其产生的原因.培养了BHDBT单晶,四元衍射晶体结构解析表明:BHDBT属于单斜晶系,空间群P2(1)/n,晶胞参数:a=0.81944(11) nm,b=2.3365(3) nm,c=0.85838(11) nm,a=90°,β=113.501(2)°,y=90°,V=1.5072(3) nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.852 g·cm-3,μ=0.189 mm-1,F(000)=856.BHDBT熔点为86.37℃,分解峰温度为185.79℃(DSC),摩擦感度为100％ (3.92 MPa,90°),特性落高H50为10.0 cm(5 kg).     

基于异面交会的空中运动目标定位算法及误差分析

介绍了空中运动目标定位测量的经纬定位仪单站定向和双站异面交会定位原理,并对影响定向和定位结果的各个因素进行了误差分析和仿真.结果表明,交会角在[40°,165°]时.测量精度有明显地改善,为组网测量布站提供了依据.黑火药爆炸试验测量结果验证了该方法的可行性和测量精度.     

The (signless) Laplacian spectral radius of unicyclic and bicyclic graphs with <Emphasis Type="Italic">n</Emphasis> vertices and <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis> pendant vertices

In this paper, the effects on the signless Laplacian spectral radius of a graph are studied when some operations, such as edge moving, edge subdividing, are applied to the graph. Moreover, the largest signless Laplacian spectral radius among the all unicyclic graphs with n vertices and k pendant vertices is identified. Furthermore, we determine the graphs with the largest Laplacian spectral radii among the all unicyclic graphs and bicyclic graphs with n vertices and k pendant vertices, respectively.     

稀磁半导体Cd_（1－x）Fe_xTe的磁光光谱

在７０－３００Ｋ温度范围内测量了组分ｘ为０．０１和０．０４的Ｃｄ１－ｘＦｅｘＴｅ及ＣｄＴｅ的法拉第效应随入射光子能量的变化，首次获得了Ｃｄ１－ｘＦｅｘＴｅ在布里渊区Γ点和Ｌ点的有效ｇ因子及其与温度的关系。给出了Ｆｅ２＋离子与载流子间的ｓｐ－ｄ交换作用常数Ｎ０（β－α）＝（－１．５７±０．０３）ｅＶ。     

稀磁半导体Zn_（1－x）Mn_xSe外延膜的反射和光致发光谱

测量了用热壁外延（ＨＷＥ）生长的不同组分（０≤ｘ≤０．９８）的Ｚｎ１－ｘＭｎｘＳｅ薄膜在温度为３００Ｋ下的反射光谱，用Ｘ射线能借测定样品实际的组分ｘ值，由此获得了其能隙Ｅｇ与组分ｘ的关系：在Ｏ＜Ｘ＜０．２组分范围，Ｅｇ随ｘ的变化显示了反常现象，当Ｘ＞０．２时，能隙Ｅｇ随ｘ线性增大。在室温和低温下测量了样品的光致发光，除观测到Ｍｎ２＋离子内部４Ｔ１→６Ａ１发光峰外，在其低能边观测到一个较宽的发光峰，对结果进行了分析讨论。     

质疑"远距离输电"模拟演示的科学性

1疑点的提出 笔者曾观摩过一堂问题教学模式下的公开课，课题是“电能的输送”[见全日制普通高级中学教科书（必修加选修）物理第二册]．应该说，作为一堂教学理论的实践课，是相当成功的．授课老师从电能输送的生活话题出发，结合我国“沿海经济发达而能源匮乏，内地经济落后但能源丰富”的国情，阐述了国家“西电东送”战略决策的重大意义；然后清学生估算从长江三峡输送电能到学生所在家乡（长三角地区）输电线上的电能损耗，从而提出“怎样减小远距离输电损耗”的问题，     

神经网络在工程爆破应力波规律探讨中的应用

采用BP（Back Propagation)前馈人工神经网络模型，对工程爆破中柱状震源的自由场应力波传播规律进行了探讨。结果表明：利用人神经网络模型的非线性映射功能，可以较好地给出工程爆破引起的近区自由场力学规律，对于同类型问题的研究，也有着很重要的意义。     

Protein-directed assembly of binary monolayers at the interface and surface patterns of protein on the monolayers

Ferritin-directed assembly of binary monolayers of zwitterionic dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and cationic dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DOMA) at the interface and surface patterns of ferritin on the monolayers have been investigated using a combination of infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance, and atomic force microscopy. Ferritin binding to the binary monolayers at the air-water interface at the surface pressure 30 mN/m, primarily driven by the electrostatic interaction, gives rise to a change in tilt angle of hydrocarbon chains from 15 degrees +/- 1 degrees to 10 degrees +/- 1 degrees with respect to the normal of the monolayer at the mole fraction of DOMA (XDOMA) of 0.1. The chains at XDOMA = 0.3 are oriented vertical to the water surface before and after protein binding. A new mechanism for protein binding to the binary monolayers is proposed. The secondary structures of the adsorbed ferritin are prevented from changing to some extent due to the existence of the monolayers. The amounts of the bound protein on the monolayers at the air-water interface are increased in comparison with those on the pre-immobilized monolayers at low XDOMA. The increased amounts and different patterns of the adsorbed protein at the monolayers are mostly attributed to the formation of multiple binding sites available for ferritin, which is due to the lateral reorganization of the lipid components in the monolayers induced by the protein in the subphase. The created multiple binding sites on the monolayer surfaces through the protein-directed assembly can be preserved for subsequent protein binding.