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1.
Modulation of material properties and growth factor application are critical in constructing suitable cell culture environments to induce desired cellular functions. Sulfonated polyrotaxane (PRX) surfaces with immobilized vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are prepared to improve network formation in vascular endothelial cells. Sulfonated PRXs, whereby sulfonated α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) are threaded onto a linear poly(ethylene glycol) chain capped with bulky groups at both terminals, are coated onto surfaces. The molecular mobility of sulfonated PRX surfaces is modulated by tuning the number of threading α‐CDs. VEGF is immobilized onto surfaces with varying mobility. Low mobility and VEGF‐immobilization reinforce cell proliferation, yes‐associated protein activity, and rhoA, pdgf, ang‐1, and pecam‐1 gene expression. Highly mobile surfaces and soluble VEGF weakly affect these cell responses. Network formation is strongly stimulated in vascular endothelial cells only on low‐mobility VEGF‐immobilized surfaces, suggesting that molecular mobility and VEGF immobilization synergistically control cell function.  相似文献   
2.
Transition Metal Chemistry - The crystal structures and magnetic properties of three coordination compounds constructed from various nitroxide radicals L and MII(hfac)2(H2O)2 building blocks...  相似文献   
3.
A novel N‐doped MoO 3 @SiC hollow nanosphere has been synthesized through two steps. Due to the first step, N‐doped MoO2@C nanosphere was synthesized using the hydrothermal method and in the second step, Si‐C bonds were formed through the low‐temperature magnesiothermic method and MoO 3 @SiC hollow nanosphere was produced. The prepared nanostructures were identified by various techniques such as IR, XRD, XPS, BET/BJH, SEM/EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. Results show that converting of C to SiC increase the surface area from 17 to 241 m2/g with remarkably decrease in pore diameter. Also, molybdenum is present in the form of MoO2 in carbon catalyst while during magnesiothermic process, it transfers to MoO3 form in the SiC catalyst. The synthesized products were employed as catalysts in oxidative desulfurization of model fuel. The results displayed that MoO 3 @SiC hollow nanostructure shows a superior catalytic activity (99.9%, 40 min) compared to C support (56%, 60 min). Furthermore, the recycling of MoO2@C catalyst shows a dramatic decrease even after the first run, while, SiC support exhibit higher stability during the stronger interaction between molybdenum catalyst and SiC support.  相似文献   
4.
Fluorescein‐dispersing titania gel films were prepared by the acid‐catalyzed sol–gel reaction using a titanium alkoxide solution containing fluorescein. The molecular forms of fluorescein in the films, depending on its acid–base equilibria, and the complex formation and photoinduced electron transfer process between the dye and titania surface were investigated by fluorescence and photoelectric measurements. The titanium species were coordinated to the carboxylate and phenolate‐like groups of the fluorescein species. The quantum efficiencies of the fluorescence quenching and photoelectric conversion were higher upon excitation of the dianion species interacting with the titania, i.e. the dye–titania complex. This result indicated that the dianion form was the most favorable for formation of the dye–titania complex exhibiting the highest electron transfer efficiency. Using nitric acid as the catalyst, the titania surface bonded to the fluorescein instead of the adsorbed nitrate ion during the steam treatment. The dye–titania complex formation played an important role in the electron injection from the dye to the titania conduction band.  相似文献   
5.
Penitrem A is one of the most elaborated members of the fungal indole diterpenes. Two separate penitrem gene clusters were identified using genomic and RNA sequencing data, and 13 out of 17 transformations in the penitrem biosynthesis were elucidated by heterologous reconstitution of the relevant genes. These reactions involve 1) a prenylation‐initiated cationic cyclization to install the bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane skeleton (PtmE), 2) a two‐step P450‐catalyzed oxidative processes forming the unique tricyclic penitrem skeleton (PtmK and PtmU), and 3) five sequential oxidative transformations (PtmKULNJ). Importantly, without conventional gene disruption, reconstitution of the biosynthetic machinery provided sufficient data to determine the pathway. It was thus demonstrated that the Aspergillus oryzae reconstitution system is a powerful method for studying the biosynthesis of complex natural products.  相似文献   
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7.
We prove time local existence and uniqueness of solutions to a boundary layer problem in a rotating frame around the stationary solution called the Ekman spiral. We choose initial data in the vector-valued homogeneous Besov space for 2 <  p <  ∞. Here the L p -integrability is imposed in the normal direction, while we may have no decay in tangential components, since the Besov space contains nondecaying functions such as almost periodic functions. A crucial ingredient is theory for vector-valued homogeneous Besov spaces. For instance we provide and apply an operator-valued bounded H -calculus for the Laplacian in for a general Banach space .  相似文献   
8.
A simple approach to the synthesis of heterocyclophane consisting of two 4,4’-bithiazoles has been developed in mild conditions. The heterocyclophane with two short chains was conveniently prepared by Hantzsch thiazoles synthesis using the reaction of 3-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-azapentanethiocarboxamide with 1,4-dibromobutane-2,3-dione in methanol under reflux for only 15 min. Amino groups at the linkers of this heterocyclophane can be functionalized to give acylated and carbamate derivatives. Their properties as protein kinase inhibitors were investigated, and one of the heterocyclophanes exhibited specific anti-activity for c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (IC50=603 nm ), among seven types of protein kinases investigated. The computational site identification by ligand competitive saturation method was used to determine why the one heterocyclophane exhibited strong anti-activity for c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor.  相似文献   
9.
The introduction of a 1,3-propanediamine unit at the 3-position of (S)-BINOL using a methylene spacer led to the formation of a chiral bifunctional organocatalyst for the aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman (aza-MBH) reaction. The organocatalyst 1k mediated aza-MBH transformations with high chemical yields and with up to 82% ee.  相似文献   
10.
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