珊瑚状Ni2P修饰新型四足状Cd0.9Zn0.1SZB/WZ同质结光催化剂的高效可见光光催化产氢

随着社会发展,传统化石能源消耗加剧,人类迫切需要开发新型的清洁能源.半导体光催化分解水产氢是一种非常具有潜力解决能源危机的清洁技术.目前,金属硫化物半导体有着合适的能带结构和高效的光催化产氢能力而得到了广泛的研究.通常,为了提高光催化剂产氢性能,添加贵金属助催化剂是一个行之有效的方法.但是贵金属昂贵的价格限制了其大规模的应用,因此有必要研究储量丰富,价格低廉的高效助催化剂.Ni₂P,CoP,Co₂P,MoP,Cu₃P等过渡金属磷化物具有价格低廉,优异的稳定性和催化性能而被用作电催化产氢的催化剂.通常,用于电催化产氢的催化剂往往可以作为光催化产氢的助催化剂.众所周知,催化性能与材料的形貌密切相关,因此,具有棒状、中空、片状等形貌的金属硫化物被制备并用于光催化产氢.然而,四足状结构的金属硫化物研究较少.在已有的Ni₂P(NP)相关研究中,仅合成了纳米颗粒状的NP.本文成功合成了四足状Cd_0.9Zn_0.1S(CZS)和珊瑚状形貌的NP,进一步得到一系列Ni₂P-Cd_0.9Zn_0.1S(NPCZS)光催化剂,采用XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS和ICP-AES测试了样品的结构、形貌、表面成分和元素含量,并测试了样品的光催化产氢性能.采用水热法合成的CZS样品具有特殊的四足状形貌,足部由纳米棒组成.XRD结果表明,四足状CZS中立方相(WZ)和六方相(ZB)共存.经TEM进一步分析,发现CZS中心部位呈ZB相结构,而足部却是WZ相.经光催化性能测试,这种新型四足状CZS表现出优异的光催化产氢性能.进一步通过超声或研磨破坏四足状结构后,发现CZS的产氢性能显著下降,说明四足状形貌是材料性能提高的关键.通过分析WZ和ZB两物相的价带顶和导带底的电位发现,ZB/WZ间形成的同质结可以加速光生载流子的分离和传输.NP也采用水热法制备,其具有珊瑚状形貌.该形貌具有高的比表面积,可以提供更多的活性位点,进一步提高了材料的光催化性能.光催化性能测试表明,NP负载量为12 wt%的NPCZS-12样品表现出很好的产氢性能(l.88 mmol h^-1),是纯CZS的1.43倍.同时,NPCZS-12具有良好的光稳定性和循环使用性能.结合光催化实验、光谱实验、表面光电压和电化学测试的结果发现,四足状形貌、同质结和NP助催化剂的协同效应是NPCZS具有良好光催化性能的主要原因.     

Dramatically Enhanced Visible-light-responsive H_2 Evolution of Cd_(1-x)Zn_xS via the Synergistic Effect of Ni_2P and 1T/2H MoS_2 Cocatalysts

Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water-splitting holds huge promise for resolving the current energy shortage and environmental issues.Nevertheless,it is still challenging so far to develop non-noble-metal photocatalysts which are efficient toward solar-powered hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this work,through an ultrasonic water-bath strategy combined with solvothermal and electrostatic assembly processes,we obtain homogeneous Cd_1-xZn_xS–Ni₂P–MoS₂ hybrid nano-spheres consisting of Cd_1-xZn_xS solid solutions decorated by Ni₂P and 1 T/2 H MoS₂ cocatalysts,which demonstrate excellent activity and stability for visible-light-responsive(λ>420 nm)H₂ production.Specifically,the Cd_1-xZn_xS-Ni₂P-MoS₂ nano-spheres with 2 wt%Ni₂P and 0.2 wt%MoS₂(CZ_0.7S–2 N–0.2 M)exhibit the optimal HER activity of 55.77 mmol·g^-1·h^-1,about 47 and 32 times more than that of CZ_0.7S and Pt–CZ_0.7S,respectively.The outstanding HER performance of Cd_1-xZn_xS–Ni₂P–MoS₂ can be ascribed to the presence of abundant HER active sites in Ni2 P nanoparticles and 1 T/2 H MoS₂ nanosheets as well as the effective transfer and separation of charge carriers.Moreover,the coupling sequence of cocatalysts in Cd_1-xZn_xS–Ni₂P–MoS₂ is found to be critical in the regulation of charge transfer pathways and thus the resultant photocatalytic efficiency.The results displayed here could facilitate the engineering of high-performance photocatalysts employing multi-component cocatalysts for sustainable solar-to-fuel conversion.     

几种手性化合物在纤维素衍生物涂敷的SBA-15手性固定相上的直接拆分

以三嵌段聚醚P123为模板, 四乙氧基硅烷为前驱体, 在强酸性条件下合成了高比表面积、大孔径、微米级的球形SBA-15. 将纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)(CDMPC)涂敷在氨丙基化的SBA-15微球上, 作为手性固定相, 在正相条件下直接拆分了七种不同类型的手性化合物. 实验发现, 与同样尺寸的CDMPC涂敷的氨丙基硅胶手性柱相比, 手性化合物在所制备的新型手性固定相上有较强的保留、具有较高的分离因子|新制备的手性固定相不仅有较好的渗透性, 而且具有较高的手性识别能力. 因此, 高比表面的介孔SBA-15微球适合作为手性色谱填料基质.     

Phase Structures of （K0.48Na0.52）0.945Li0.055Sb0.05Nb0.95O3 Piezoceramics

The phase structures of lead-free （K0.48Na0.52）0.945Li0.055Sb0.05Nb0.95O3 piezoceramics are studied based on the measurements of ferroelectric and dielectric properties as well as the analyses of x-ray diffraction pattern and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The poled samples exhibit orthorhombic structure whereas the surface and interior for unpoled samples exhibit tetragonal and tetragonal-orthorhombic coexistent structures, respectively. These results are in agreement with the relative permittivity-temperature curves and demonstrate that phase transitions can be induced by Na volatilization and poling process. The remnant polarization Pr measured at 20°C increases continuously with the increase of electric field in the range of 2000-4000V/mm. This indicates that the polymorphic structure is more beneficial to the rotation or reorientation of dipoles than either the orthorhombic or the tetragonal structure. The randomly oriented domains may be the essential reason for the continuous rotation or reorientation and not good thermal stability.