爆轰波拐角传播三维数值模拟

为了研究爆轰波在拐角中的传播特性以及拐角爆轰低压流场现象,用LSDYNA 3D程序对三种常见的拐角装药的爆轰波传播特性进行了数值模拟,清晰显示了爆轰波因拐角处爆轰波传播面积的变化而产生的衰减 增长过程,讨论了侧向三通中爆速的变化情况,并得到了拐角处低压爆轰区的尺寸。     

基于圆筒实验的RDX/Al炸药反应进程

对RDX炸药和2种铝粉质量分数分别为15%、30%的RDX基含铝炸药进行?50mm圆筒实验,研究铝粉含量对炸药做功能力的影响,根据格尼公式分析铝粉与爆轰产物的反应进程。结果表明:在圆筒实验记录的时间范围内,铝粉质量分数为15%的含铝炸药做功能力最强,RDX炸药次之,铝粉质量分数为30%炸药做功能力最弱;34μs时刻,铝粉质量分数为15%的炸药,铝粉的反应度为0.49,而铝粉质量分数为30%炸药铝粉的反应度仅为0.21,含铝炸药中铝粉的反应时间在50~200μs之间。     

烷基咪唑离子液体CnmimCl(n=4, 6, 8)对CL-20重结晶的影响

六硝基六氮杂异戊兹烷(CL-20)是高能量密度材料的典型代表之一。重结晶制备高品质CL-20的一个重要难题是晶体微观结构的调控。本文通过在CL-20重结晶过程中加入微量离子液体作为晶形控制剂,探究离子液体浓度、种类和添加方式(加入溶剂或者反溶剂)对CL-20晶体微观结构的影响规律。结果表明：通过改变离子液体的添加方式、种类和浓度,能够实现CL-20晶体尺寸和晶体形貌的调控。热分析结果表明：离子液体的加入可以使ε到γ晶型转变温度提前多达12.6℃;重结晶CL-20的分解峰温和热稳定性提高,放热量增加,最高可达1344 J·g^-1。溶剂中1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐(DmimCl)的加入,能够结晶出没有尖锐棱边和角的类八面体形CL-20晶体,晶粒细小,分解峰温均提高了6℃以上,放热量均在1100 J·g^-1以上,是较理想的晶形控制剂。     

Effect of the Al/O ratio on the Al reaction of aluminized RDX-based explosives

Aluminum(Al) powders are used in composite explosives as a typical reducing agent for improving explosion performance. To understand energy release of aluminum in aluminized RDX-based explosives, a series of thermal measurements and underwater explosion(UNDEX) experiments were conducted. Lithium fluoride(LiF) was added in RDX-based explosives, as a replacement of aluminum, and used in constant temperature calorimeter experiments and UNDEXs. The influence of aluminum powder on explosion heat(Qv) was measured. A rich supply of data about aluminum energy release rate was gained. There are other oxides(CO_2, CO, and H_2O) in detonation products besides alumina when the content of RDX is maintained at the same levels. Aluminum cannot fully combine with oxygen in the detonation products. To study the relationship between the explosive formulation and energy release, pressure and impulse signals in underwater experiments were recorded and analyzed after charges were initiated underwater. The shock wave energy(Esk), bubble energy(Eb), and total energy(Et) monotony increase with the Al/O ratio, while the growth rates of the shock wave energy,bubble energy, and total energy become slow.     

膨胀型无卤阻燃HIPS热分解动力学及阻燃机理研究

利用动态热失重法(TGA)研究了一种新型的膨胀型无卤阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)热降解反应动力学及阻燃机理, 通过对Kissinger模型和Coat-Redern (C-R)模型求解的热降解反应的动力学参数对比, 最终确定反应的动力学参数. 其中, 反应级数n的确定是通过一般反应对Ea/RTmax取值范围的限定, 利用最大热降解速率所对应的失重率αmax与n的关系, 确定其取值. 并采用TGA-FTIR及Py-GC/MS对材料气相产物及热裂解产物进行了阻燃机理的研究. 研究表明, 两种反应的热降解反应动力学参数基本一致, 其中阻燃HIPS的平均表观活化能小于纯HIPS, 说明在HIPS分解之前, 无卤阻燃剂已经开始分解, 释放的难燃气体(氨气及其衍生物、水蒸气等)在气相中起到阻燃的作用. 同时阻燃剂的添加, 促使反应向链转移反应飘移, 使燃烧产物中非单体化合物增加, 而在凝聚相中形成的致密的炭层结构也起到阻燃的效果.     

阻燃高抗冲聚苯乙烯热降解研究

利用热失重-红外联用仪(TGA-IR)分析了高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)的热降解过程,结合热裂解气相色谱-质谱联用仪(Py-GC/MS)分析了HIPS的热裂解产物,利用化学方程式阐述了HIPS自由基降解反应.对十溴二苯乙烷、三氧化二锑复配阻燃体系的热降解过程进行了研究,讨论了阻燃HIPS的凝聚相阻燃、气相阻燃机理.实验表明,HIPS燃烧时主要发生β-断裂,大量烟雾主要由苯乙烯、甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、苯乙烷、丁二烯等组成,其中凝聚相主要是1,3,5-三苯基苯乙烯及其他部分低聚物.在不同的温度下,阻燃HIPS的热裂解产物不同,在较高的温度下,小分子化合物明显增多.     

Studies on aluminum powder combustion in detonation environment

The combustion mechanism of aluminum particles in a detonation environment characterized by high temperature (in unit 10³ K), high pressure (in unit GPa), and high-speed motion (in units km/s) was studied, and a combustion model of the aluminum particles in detonation environment was established. Based on this model, a combustion control equation for aluminum particles in detonation environment was obtained. It can be seen from the control equation that the burning time of aluminum particle is mainly affected by the particle size, system temperature, and diffusion coefficient. The calculation result shows that a higher system temperature, larger diffusion coefficient, and smaller particle size lead to a faster burn rate and shorter burning time for aluminum particles. After considering the particle size distribution characteristics of aluminum powder, the application of the combustion control equation was extended from single aluminum particles to nonuniform aluminum powder, and the calculated time corresponding to the peak burn rate of aluminum powder was in good agreement with the experimental electrical conductivity results. This equation can quantitatively describe the combustion behavior of aluminum powder in different detonation environments and provides technical means for quantitative calculation of the aluminum powder combustion process in detonation environment.     

含铝炸药爆轰产物导电式爆磁压缩发生器

根据爆磁压缩发生器中导电体工作条件,对比了电枢和含铝炸药爆轰产物作为导电体的异同,得出几种高电导率含铝炸药爆轰产物对应的磁雷诺数,分析了含铝炸药爆轰产物代替电枢压缩磁场的可能性。设计了一种含铝炸药爆轰产物导电式螺线型爆磁压缩发生器,分析其运行过程,得出等效电路模型。数值模拟结果表明:相比于电枢作为导电体的传统螺线型爆磁压缩发生器,同体积条件下高电导率含铝炸药爆轰产物导电式爆磁压缩发生器具有更好的输出性能;该设计可以有效地抑制跳匝、电枢与定子线圈短路点接触不良等容易引起磁通损失的问题。     

炸药性质对岩石粒子运动影响的数值模拟

为研究炸药性质对粒子运动的影响,利用AUTODYN 有限元软件模拟球形装药在蓝田花岗岩中 的爆炸过程,获取介质中不同位置处的粒子速度和位移曲线,定性分析了炸药特性对岩石粒子运动的影响。 数值模拟结果显示,粒子的速度和位移变化趋势与实验结果基本一致,虽然粒子速度峰值与实验值相差很大, 而由速度曲线积分所得的粒子位移受到速度峰值、上升时间、脉冲持续时间以及速度衰减过程的影响,粒子位 移峰值的偏差在20%以内。在爆炸能量相等的条件下,不同种类的理想炸药爆炸引起的岩石粒子速度峰值 大小关系为ur(HMX)ur(PETN)ur(TNT),粒子位移峰值的大小关系为D(TNT)D(HMX)D(PETN)。非理想炸药的反 应速率对粒子速度和位移峰值影响明显,反应速率越快,速度和位移峰值越大。     

Fabrication and performance optimization of Mn-Zn ferrite/EP composites as microwave absorbing materials

Magnesium-substituted Mn0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 ferrite is synthesized by the sol–gel combustion method using citrate acid as the complex agent. The electromagnetic absorbing behaviors of ferrite/polymer coatings fabricated by dispersing Mn–Zn ferrite into epoxy resin （EP） are studied. The microstructure and morphology are characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Complex permittivity, complex permeability, and reflection loss of ferrite/EP composite coating are investigated in a low frequency range. It is found that the prepared ferrite particles are traditional cubic spinel ferrite particles with an average size of 200 nm. The results reveal that the electromagnetic microwave absorbing properties are significantly influenced by the weight ratio of ferrite to polymer. The composites with a weight ratio of ferrite/polymer being 3：20 have a maximum reflection loss of –16 dB and wide absorbing band. Thus, the Mn–Zn ferrite is the potential candidate in electromagnetic absorbing application in the low frequency range （10 MHz–1 GHz）.