不同含水量尾砂的光谱特征与遥感模型

我国尾矿库数量众多,分布广泛,在低含水量条件下,风力作用引起的尾砂扬尘会对周边环境造成污染。而尾矿库表面积大,含水量变化快,传统的含水量监测方法效率低、安全性差、成本高,难以实现尾矿库含水量的大面积、实时、快速的监测。目前,基于光谱特征的遥感模型虽可以较为准确地预测土壤含水量,但矿区尾砂与常规土壤在成分上存在差异性,使得土壤含水量的光谱预测遥感模型可能无法适用于尾矿库含水量的预测。为此,选择辽宁省风水沟尾矿库作为研究区,采集尾砂配置成不同含水量的样品,测试其可见光-近红外光谱,分析不同含水量样品的光谱特征以及含水量与光谱特征之间的关系,建立针对尾砂的含水量遥感预测模型,并应用于辽宁省风水沟尾矿库表面含水量的预测。结果表明：（1）含水量对尾砂的光谱特征有显著影响,二者存在高度的相关性,光谱反射率随含水量增加而下降,且波长越长,含水量对光谱的影响越显著;（2）构建了基于尾砂光谱特征的含水量遥感预测模型,选择Landsat8-OLI传感器的B6和B7波段,定义了比值指数（RTI）、归一化差异指数（NDTI）和差值指数（DTI）3种尾砂光谱指数,并将这3种指数作为输入自变量,使用随机森林方法进行训练以及含水量的建模预测,并与B7波段建立的对数反射率预测模型进行比较。结果表明,光谱指数+随机森林的预测模型效果优于基于B7波段建立的对数反射率模型。（3）使用光谱指数+随机森林的预测模型,通过Landsat8-OLI数据对实地尾矿库提取了含水量的空间分布图,结果表明模型预测的含水量与实测结果之间的决定系数R2达0.798,均方根误差RMSE为0.077,相对分析误差RPD为1.970,平均相对精度ARE为20.1%,在现有技术条件下,达到了较好的预测效果。该研究为变质型铁矿尾矿库含水量的预测提供一种大面积、实时、快速的实用方法。     

Disappearance of Superconductivity and a Concomitant Lifshitz Transition in Heavily Overdoped Bi_2Sr_2CuO_6 Superconductor Revealed by Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

By partially doping Pb to effectively suppress the superstructure in single-layered cuprate Bi_2Sr_2CuO_(6+δ)(Pb-Bi2201) and annealing them in vacuum or in high pressure oxygen atmosphere, a series of high quality Pb-Bi2201 single crystals are obtained with T_c covering from 17 K to non-superconducting in the overdoped region. High resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements are carried out on these samples to investigate the evolution of the Fermi surface topology with doping in the normal state. Clear and complete Fermi surfaces are observed and quantitatively analyzed in all of these overdoped Pb-Bi2201 samples. A Lifshitz transition from holelike Fermi surface to electron-like Fermi surface with increasing doping is observed at a doping level of ~0.35. This transition coincides with the change that the sample undergoes superconducting-to-non-superconducting states.Our results reveal the emergence of an electron-like Fermi surface and the existence of a Lifshitz transition in heavily overdoped Bi2201 samples. This provides important information in understanding the connection between the disappearance of superconductivity and the Lifshitz transition in the overdoped region.     

Detailed electronic structure of three-dimensional Fermi surface and its sensitivity to charge density wave transition in ZrTe_3 revealed by high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

The detailed information of the electronic structure is the key to understanding the nature of charge density wave(CDW) order and its relationship with superconducting order in the microscopic level. In this paper, we present a high resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) study on the three-dimensional(3 D) hole-like Fermi surface around the Brillouin zone center in a prototypical quasi-one-dimensional CDW and superconducting system ZrTe_3. Double Fermi surface sheets are clearly resolved for the 3 D hole-like Fermi surface around the zone center. The3 D Fermi surface shows a pronounced shrinking with increasing temperature. In particular, the quasiparticle scattering rate along the 3 D Fermi surface experiences an anomaly near the charge density wave transition temperature of ZrTe_3(～ 63 K). The signature of electron–phonon coupling is observed with a dispersion kink at ～ 20 me V; the strength of the electron–phonon coupling around the 3 D Fermi surface is rather weak. These results indicate that the 3 D Fermi surface is also closely connected to the charge-density-wave transition and suggest a more global impact on the entire electronic structure induced by the CDW phase transition in ZrTe_3.     

大学物理实验课中的不确定度评定

本文讨论了如何在大学物理实验教学中引人不确定度评定，并对一些实际操作提出了处理方法。     

Distinct Superconducting Gap on Two Bilayer-Split Fermi Surface Sheets in Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+δ) Superconductor

High resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on an overdoped superconductor Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+)with a_(c )of 75 K.Two Fermi surface sheets caused by bilayer splitting are clearly identified with rather different doping levels:the bonding sheet corresponds to a doping level of 0.14,which is slightly underdoped while the antibonding sheet has a doping of 0.27 that is heavily overdoped,giving an overall doping level of 0.20 for the sample.Different superconducting gap sizes on the two Fermi surface sheets are revealed.The superconducting gap on the antibonding Fermi surface sheet follows a standard d-wave form while it deviates from the standard d-wave form for the bonding Fermi surface sheet.The maximum gap difference between the two Fermi surface sheets near the antinodal region is～2 meV.These observations provide important information for studying the relationship between the Fermi surface topology and superconductivity,and the layer-dependent superconductivity in high temperature cuprate superconductors.     

Electronic structure and nematic phase transition in superconducting multiple-layer FeSe films grown by pulsed laser deposition method

We report comprehensive angle-resolved photoemission investigations on the electronic structure of single crystal multiple-layer FeSe films grown on CaF_2 substrate by pulsed laser deposition(PLD) method. Measurements on FeSe/CaF_2 samples with different superconducting transition temperatures T_c of 4 K, 9 K, and 14 K reveal electronic difference in their Fermi surface and band structure. Indication of the nematic phase transition is observed from temperature-dependent measurements of these samples; the nematic transition temperature is 140-160 K, much higher than ~90 K for the bulk FeSe. Potassium deposition is applied onto the surface of these samples; the nematic phase is suppressed by potassium deposition which introduces electrons to these FeSe films and causes a pronounced electronic structure change. We compared and discussed the electronic structure and superconductivity of the FeSe/CaF_2 films by PLD method with the FeSe/SrTiO_3 films by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) method and bulk FeSe. The PLD-grown multilayer FeSe/CaF_2 is more hole-doped than that in MBE-grown multiple-layer FeSe films. Our results on FeSe/CaF_2 films by PLD method establish a link between bulk FeSe single crystal and FeSe/SrTiO_3 films by MBE method, and provide important information to understand superconductivity in FeSe-related systems.     

开放性物理实验网络管理系统

我们设计了基于ASP技术的开放性物理实验网络管理系统,该系统可使学生通过校园网选修实验项目和安排实验时间,为学生提供了一种选修自己感兴趣实验的途径;老师也可通过该系统进行实验教学管理。     

双原子分子振动力常数的测定

本文介绍了利用棱镜光谱测定双原子分子振动力常数的实验方法．