Numerical solutions of Green''s integral equation for the diffraction of femtosecond laser pulses through a subwavelength aperture

In this letter,we propose a method for the numerical calculations of the femtosecond laser pulse passed through a subwavelength aperture.The time-dependent laser pulse is decomposed into a series of monochromatic simple harmoniv waves.For the light field of the harmonic wave with a single frequency,the numerical calculation is made based on the solution of the Green's integral equation set of the electro-magnetic waves.Such numerical solution is iterated for all the waves with different frequencies,and all thenumerical solutions are transformed into the light fields in the time domain by inverse Fourier transform.The light intensity distributions transmitted the subwavelength aperture are calculated and the resultsshow the propagation of the light field is along the direction of the medium interface.     

Oscillatory disturbance in force calibration of optical tweezers

In the calibration of the optical trap stiffness, it is found that there appears an attenuating oscillation as an oscillatory disturbance added to the trapped bead movement, when the scanner is driven by a triangular wave input.An equivalent oscillator model is put forward to explain the mechanism of the oscillatory disturbance. Both the measurements and calculations show that the attenuating oscillation comes from the oscillation of the scanner and the triangular wave drive causes this additional oscillation of the scanner. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the oscillatory disturbance will become stronger, when the stiffness of the trap increases or the natural frequency of the scanner decreases. We adopt another driving way, i.e. a sinusoidal wave input is used instead of the triangular wave input. Our experiment has verified that in this case the oscillatory disturbance is eliminated completely.     

用聚苯乙烯小球模拟生物组织中的光强分布

用水中周期排列的直径为3μm的单层聚苯乙烯小球以及单个聚苯乙烯小球模拟对光敏感的生物组织，如绿色植物叶肉细胞、动物皮肤的表皮细胞、苍蝇蜜蜂等的复眼以及一种海蛇尾背部的光敏器官的光强分布.通过观测聚苯乙烯小球在不同深度的光强分布，发现随着深度的改变其光强分布是截然不同的.在小球的横截面上，光强分布不很均匀而且呈有规律的花纹图案.在小球的外面，光强分布表现为独立的透镜成像分布.周期排列的小球与单个小球在其横截面上的光强分布也完全不同，前者的光强分布表现出球与球之间很大的相关性. 关键词： 生物组织 周期排列 光强分布     

Mechanical Properties of Breast Cancer Cell Membrane Studied with Optical Tweezers

Membrane tethers are extracted from breast cancer cells using a force generated by an optical trap. It is experimentally obtained that the radius of tether is about 0.1μm and the static tether force is about 8.5 pN. Calculations based on the experimental measurements give a bending modulus for the tether of 1.35 x 10^-19 N.m and a surface membrane tension of 6.76 x 10^-6 N/m in the breast cancer cell. The treatment with cytochalasin D results in the decreasing bending modulus and decreasing apparent surface tension. When the membrane protein caveolin is over-expressed, similar cases occur in bending modulus and apparent surface tension. In addition, the viscous resistance coefficient of the membrane is calculated to be 1.15pN.s/μm according to the dynamic tether forces obtained under different pulling velocities.     

遮挡情况下目标跟踪算法综述

目标跟踪是机器视觉的核心问题之一。由于被跟踪目标本身特征的多样性,所处环境的复杂性,使得目标跟踪成为一个极富挑战性的课题。特别是跟踪过程中出现的遮挡问题,一直是目标跟踪中的难点。如何有效处理遮挡,尤其是严重遮挡和全部遮挡,成为限制目标跟踪算法鲁棒性的关键因素。本文对国内外现有的遮挡情况下的目标跟踪算法进行了总结和分类,阐述了各种算法的基本思想,简要介绍了其代表性的算法,指出了算法的适用场合,分析了算法的优缺点。文章最后对遮挡情况下的目标跟踪做了必要的讨论。     

实时图像增强算法研究

图像增强是图像处理最有吸引力的领域。在嵌入式视频图像处理系统中,图像增强后的效果和图像增强的实时性是决定算法优劣的两个关键问题。而恰当的图像增强算法和高效硬件平台的合理搭建是解决问题的有效途径。在研究多种实时图像增强算法基础上,本文在matlab平台上对三种典型的增强算法进行算法仿真,即直方图均衡增强算法、基于照度-反射模型的同态滤波增强算法、基于小波变换增强算法。并对仿真结果进行分析,比较各算法的优缺点,指出了其最佳的应用场景和最高效的硬件实现平台,以期从中总结出一套行之有效的实时图像增强算法的应用指导规则。     

低曝光条件下遥感相机微振动量检测

针对搭载平台颤振对遥感相机成像的影响,利用辅助高速面阵CCD相机拍摄高帧频图像序列,通过像元合并来补偿曝光时间不足,增加图像的亮度、对比度和信噪比,同时结合一种区域选择算法来选择用于计算的图像区域,最后使用灰度投影算法对振动位移量进行估计.实验数据表明,提出的改进算法误差为一个像元,在准确性和稳定性方面均明显优于原始算法.     

荧光标记微管的光敏断裂及机理

荧光标记的微管经激发光照射会引起微管的断裂，但其断裂过程及机理并不清楚.通过光镊研究了微管光敏断裂的动态过程.实验结果表明组成微管的原丝并不是同时断裂的，而是相继断裂最终导致微管的断裂.经过一系列生物学实验，确定了活性氧中的自由基是造成微管光敏断裂的主要因素.根据光镊研究的结果推测了自由基作用于微管的机理. 关键词： 光镊 微管 断裂 自由基     

光镊系统中光放大倍数对测量结果的影响

从实验和理论两方面，讨论了在光镊系统中，光放大倍数在500—1000倍、间隔为100倍的范围内，对四象限探测器位移测量信号的幅值及其线性度的影响.实验结果与理论结果符合很好，得出相同的结论：当微粒的影像半径约为四象限探测器探头半径(50—60)%时，可以得到幅值大、线性好的输出信号. 关键词： 光镊系统 放大倍数 四象限探测器     

Membrane Tether Formation on a Cell Surface with Reservoir

We propose a mathematical model to analyse the membrane tether formation process on a cell surface with reservoir. Based on the experimental results, the membrane reservoir density of breast cancer cell was obtained, ρ=8.02. The membrane surface viscosity between membrane and environment η is 0.021(pN.s/μm^3), and the static force F0=5.71pN.