测定异常散射因数的强度比法

本文对测定异常散射因数的强度比法做了考察,并用这种方法较好地测定了GaAs中Ga原子在其K吸收限附近的异常散射因数,对该方法在使用中遇到的问题,进行了处理和讨论。 关键词：     

Electronic second hyperpolarizability of the carbon tetrachloride molecule

The electronic second hyperpolarizability γ of the carbon tetrachloride molecule is calculated by the ab initio molecular orbital method considering electron correlation with large basis sets. The static electronic γ value with the CCSD(T) method is 1.65 times the Hartree-Fock value, indicating a considerable electron correlation effect. Taking account of the frequency dispersion and vibrational effects, we estimate the most probable theoretical γ value at 800 nm to be around 17900au (9.0 × 10^?36 esu). On the other hand, the experimental value recently observed by optical Kerr effect method is 10.6 × 10^?36 esu at 800nm. It is concluded that the major part of the experimental χ⁽³⁾ value of carbon tetrachloride can account for the static electronic hyperpolarizability.     

Chain length dependence of high magnetic field effects on lifetimes of radical ion pairs linked by a methylene chain: interpretation by both spin—lattice and spin—spin relaxations

High magnetic field dependence of lifetimes of methylene-chain-linked radical ion pairs (RIPs) generated by photo-induced electron transfer from zinc(II) porphyrin to viologen has been confirmed in aqueous acetonitrile using a pulse magnet-laser flash photolysis apparatus. In the case of a short methylene chain it was first revealed that the dependence was definitely different from that for a long one, and was characterized by a reversal in the dependence. In addition to a long lifetime independent of the magnetic field, RIP in fields above 7T exhibited short lifetimes that depended on the field. These results were interpreted not only by spin-lattice (longitudinal) relaxation but also by spin-spin (transverse) relaxation in RIPs.     

Magnetic orientation of carbon nanotubes at temperatures of 231 K and 314 K

Carbon nanotubes were placed in magnetic fields of  80.0 kOe at temperatures of 231 K and 314 K. Scanning electron microscopy showed that nanotubes were oriented with the tube axis parallel to the fields. It was also observed that the probability of the orientation became higher, when the temperature was raised from 231 K to 314 K. The anisotropy in the susceptibilities parallel X∥ and perpendicular X _⊥ to the tube axis is suggested to increase with rise in temperature: X∥ ? X⊥ = (4 ± 2) × 10^?6 emu mol^?1 (per mol of carbon atoms) at 231 K and X∥ ? X⊥ = (45 ± 27) × 10^?6 emu mol^?1 at 314 K.     

A Paradox of Economic Growth and Relative Deprivation

Rapid economic growth sometimes intensifies people's frustration. In this article, we attempt to formulate this kind of paradox of economic growth, and to explain theoretically how economic growth increases people's dissatisfaction by way of the notion of relative deprivation by employing the theoretical framework of Yitzhaki's relative deprivation index. We introduce the problem of the China puzzle as the latest case of the paradox. Then, we introduce the definition of Yitzhaki's index of relative deprivation, and use this to explain the China puzzle. Besides, through a theoretical examination of Yitzhaki's index, we propose a proposition proving that an increase of relative deprivation in the society can occur even when the amount of wealth increases and the degree of inequality reduces.     

PICOSECOND FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY ON INCORPORATION PROCESSES OF HEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE INTO MALIGNANT TUMOR CELLS in vitro

Abstract— By using a highly sensitive streak-camera technique, we investigate incorporation processes of HpD into malignant tumor m-KSA cells in vitro. The picosecond decays of the total fluorescence spectra, the wavelength-resolved fluorescence decays and the time-resolved fluorescence spectra from HpD in the cells are measured as a function of the incubation time. The results show that the aggregate component of HpD which has a fast fluorescence lifetime of 100 ps and a red-shifted band of ∼ 660 nm selectively accumulates more and more in the cells with the increase of the incubation time.     

Optical Kerr effect in nematic liquid crystals: a molecular dynamics simulation study

Molecular dynamics simulations of the Gay-Berne model have been undertaken and optical response properties calculated for the isotropic and nematic phases. The components of the optical response were calculated for the coordinate system with respect to the director. Furthermore, the response for the components was separated into the orientational and collision induced contributions in order to analyse the mechanism of the optical response. It was observed, in particular, that one of the depolarized components of the response function does not vanish after long times for the nematic phase, unlike in the isotropic phase. This means that the orientation of the director can be permanently changed by instant irradiation with polarized light. The results give a microscopic picture of the optical Kerr effect in nematic liquid crystals.     

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION: THE CASE OF TRANSBOUNDARY POLLUTION FROM CONSUMPTION

Abstract This paper develops a reciprocal market model of international duopoly with transboundary pollution from consumption to examine the effects of bilateral tariff reductions on the equilibrium pollution tax and welfare. I show that tariff reductions induce each country to raise an emission tax and that trade liberalization is welfare improving if the parameter of pollution damages is sufficiently large. These results are in contrast to the case of production‐generated pollution, and I seek the reason for this contrast.     

Ab initio study for static hyperpolarizabilities of several donor-π-acceptor molecules

Static molecular second hyperpolarizabilities γ of several donor-π-acceptor molecules have been examined using an ab initio molecular orbital (MO) method to evaluate the effects of substituents and molecular distortion on γ. It was found that γ values of the donor-π-acceptor compounds are affected by the degree of π electron delocalization more than the donor or acceptor strength of the substituents. Also it was found that contributions from higher order excitation process are not negligible for γ values of the donor-π-acceptor molecules.     

Extraction of Quasi-Straightforward-Propagating Photons Through a Scattering Medium by Up-Conversion Method as a Coherent Light Detection Technique

Aiming at the realization of optical CT (computed tomography), the extraction of quasi-straightforward-propagating photons from optical pulses transmitting through a standard scattering medium of Intralipid-10% aqueous solution has been demonstrated by an up-conversion method (second harmonic generation). We have found that this operates as a coherent light detection method rather than a time-gate one and extends the dynamic range where the Lambert-Beer’s law holds to − 86 dB. We have also proposed improvements to obtain the largest possible dynamic range by such an up-conversion technique.