全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4894篇 |
免费 | 669篇 |
国内免费 | 710篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 3730篇 |
晶体学 | 42篇 |
力学 | 392篇 |
综合类 | 31篇 |
数学 | 505篇 |
物理学 | 1573篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 85篇 |
2022年 | 120篇 |
2021年 | 186篇 |
2020年 | 217篇 |
2019年 | 196篇 |
2018年 | 165篇 |
2017年 | 169篇 |
2016年 | 199篇 |
2015年 | 194篇 |
2014年 | 240篇 |
2013年 | 338篇 |
2012年 | 410篇 |
2011年 | 441篇 |
2010年 | 292篇 |
2009年 | 252篇 |
2008年 | 313篇 |
2007年 | 257篇 |
2006年 | 245篇 |
2005年 | 236篇 |
2004年 | 181篇 |
2003年 | 174篇 |
2002年 | 170篇 |
2001年 | 141篇 |
2000年 | 117篇 |
1999年 | 133篇 |
1998年 | 89篇 |
1997年 | 82篇 |
1996年 | 83篇 |
1995年 | 73篇 |
1994年 | 54篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 47篇 |
1991年 | 49篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 17篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有6273条查询结果,搜索用时 217 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
In this research article, we describe the synthesis and characterization of mononuclear and dinuclear Cu complexes bound by a family of tridentate redox-active ligands with tunable H-bonding donors. The mononuclear Cu-anion complexes were oxidized to the corresponding “high-valent” intermediates by oxidation of the redox-active ligand. These species were capable of oxidizing phenols with weak O−H bonds via H-atom abstraction. Thermodynamic analysis of the H-atom abstractions, which included reduction potential measurements, pKa determination and kinetic studies, revealed that modification of the anion coordinated to the Cu and changes in the H-bonding donor did not lead to major differences in the reactivity of the “high-valent” CuY complexes (Y: hydroxide, phenolate and acetate), which indicated that the tridentate ligand scaffold acts as the H+ and e− acceptor. 相似文献
4.
A nanomaterials-based novel molecular beacon has attracted growing attentions in fluorescent assays as many nanomaterials possess excellent quenching efficiency. In this work, a gold-based nanobeacon probe was established to detect organophosphorus pesticides for the first time. The constructed gold-based nanobeacon acted as a signal indicator and could display the decreasing of the intensity in the presence of targets, which competitively bound to single strand DNA. To achieve a high sensitive probe, some parameters including solution pH, temperature and reaction time were investigated and optimized. The gold-based nanobeacon probe assay was proved to be rapid and sensitive to achieve a detection limit of 0.035 μM for isocarbophos, 0.134 μM for profenofos, 0.384 μM for phorate and 2.35 μM for omethoate, respectively. The prepared nanobeacon effectively reduced the background and improved the detection sensitivity and selectivity. The probe is stable, easy to operate and does not need sophisticated instruments. These features makes the probe feasible for screening trace organophosphorus pesticides in real samples. 相似文献
5.
Kai Xu Zhenchang Tang Yan Zhang Wanshu Li Haiou Li Lihui Wang Liming Liu Honghang Wang Feng Chi Xiaowen Zhang 《Current Applied Physics》2019,19(10):1076-1081
Germanium dioxide (GeO2) aqueous solutions are facilely prepared and the corresponding anode buffer layers (ABLs) with solution process are demonstrated. Atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements show that solution-processed GeO2 behaves superior film morphology and enhanced work function. Using GeO2 as ABL of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), the visible device with tris(8-hydroxy-quinolinato)aluminium as emitter gives maximum luminous efficiency of 6.5 cd/A and power efficiency of 3.5 lm/W, the ultraviolet device with 3-(4-biphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-tert-butylphenyl-1,2,4-triazole as emitter exhibits short-wavelength emission with peak of 376 nm, full-width at half-maximum of 42 nm, maximum radiance of 3.36 mW/cm2 and external quantum efficiency of 1.5%. The performances are almost comparable to the counterparts with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) as ABL. The current, impedance, phase and capacitance as a function of voltage characteristics elucidate that the GeO2 ABL formed from appropriate concentration of GeO2 aqueous solution favors hole injection enhancement and accordingly promoting device performance. 相似文献
6.
L. Tong Y. Tian Q. Y. Wang Y. S. Ling 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2006,27(9):1307-1314
The paper introduces a special system calibration technology in s-parameters measurement of microwave and millimeter wave
devices. The 8-term errors module is built by analyzing the signals flowing in the measurement system. Then the calibration
technology using non-standard kits is designed on the base. Finally, the experiment using the calibration technology is introduced. 相似文献
7.
A lithium(I) coordination polymer has been formed from LiClO4 and the 2,2′‐bipyrimidine (bpym) ligand in which each square pyramidal lithium(I) atom is coordinated in the basal plane by four nitrogen donor atoms derived from two bpym ligands and one water molecule at the apical position. These are connected into a layer structure via hydrogen‐bonding interactions involving the perchlorate anions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
We measure and calculate the aerial image modulation (AIM) of human retina for visible wavelengths based on the individual eye model. By employing the optical design software ZEMAX, we obtain the modulation transfer function (MTF) of human eye in visible wavelengths. Using CSV-1000 and VAF-1000, the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) and the visual acuity (VA) for the same eye are measured. Then the AIM of human retina could be acquired by the relations between MTF and CSF and between MTF and VA. The AIM of human retina is independent of MTF, and the values of AIM for normal eyes (without retina disease) are similar, so the assembly average for large numbers of normal eyes can be a standard AIM curve, which is helpful for the diagnosis of diseases in the retina system. 相似文献