制备方法对Mg1.9Al0.1Ni合金储氢性能的影响

文中采用机械合金化(MA)和氢化燃烧法(HCS)制备了Mg1.9Al0.1Ni,通过对它们储氢性能的对比研究发现,MA优于HCS.采用MA制得的Mg1.9Al0.1Ni储氢合金具有较高的活性和高储氢量,对PCT结果进行计算,得出温度和氢平衡压的关系式.Mg1.9Al0.1Ni(MA)553K时100s内吸放氢量分别为2.67和2.54 mass%H.用XRD方法进行物相分析,表明添加适量Al没有改变Mg2Ni的物相结构,由于MA能够制备出纳米晶粒,使得Mg1.9Al0.1Ni合金具有更好的储放氢动力学性能.     

钴的添加形式对氢氧化镍电极性能的影响

研究了钴元素分别以Co ,CoO ,Co +CoO三种形式作为添加剂并分别以与Ni(OH) 2 用机械混合的方式添加到电极活性物质中时对镍电极性能的影响 ,用循环伏安法和电化学交流阻抗法对实验结果进行分析 .结果表明 :对于机械混合的添加方式 ,Co ,CoO和Co +CoO三种形式的钴添加剂均可在一定程度上改善镍电极的性能 .其中 ,当钴以CoO的形式添加时镍电极的性能最好 .这是因为三种形式的添加剂均在一定程度上改善了活性物质Ni(OH) 2 的结构、增强了电极中质子的传输能力 ,从而提高了镍电极反应的可逆性 ,强化了镍电极的析氧极化 ,并提高了镍电极的充电效率 ,其中CoO的作用效果最明显 .     

氢气气氛下球磨Mg-60% LaNi5合金的储氢特性研究

在3.0 MPa氢气气氛下机械合金化Mg-60%LaNi5制备出镁基复合储氢材料.XRD分析表明氢气氛下球磨60h后的物相为Mg2NiH4,β-MgH2和LaH3.SEM及EDS分析表明该复合材料成分分布均匀.对材料的吸氢动力学特性研究表明:该复合材料具有较高的活性,室温5.0MPa氢气压力下15min内的吸氢量为2.37%;在5.0 MPa氢气压力和373～473 K的条件下,可以在1min之内完成饱和吸氢量的80%以上;在5.0 MPa氢气压力和523～553 K之间的条件下,可以在1min之内完成饱和吸氢量的90%以上;在553 K的最大吸氢量为4.23%.     

Mg-20%(RE-Ni)(RE=La,Y,Mm)复合材料储放氢性能研究

通过磁悬浮熔炼和反应球磨相结合的方法成功制备出Mg-20wt%(RE-Ni)(RE=La,Y,Mm)复合储氢材料,主要研究了材料的物相结构和储放氢性能.结果表明.Mg-20wt%(RE-Ni)(RE=La,Y,Mm)复合储氢材料,具有相似的物相结构和吸放氢热力学性能,吸氢相均为MgH2和Mg2Ni,在同一温度下,合金只有一个放氢平台,表明两相具有良好的协同放氢效应.在复合体系中,Mg-20wt%(Y-Ni)具有最佳的综合储氢性能,表明Y具有最佳的催化效果,其在293 K,3.0 MPa H2,10 min的吸氢量和573 K,对0.1 MPa,15 min的放氢量可分别达到3.92%和4.75%,实现了室温快速大量吸氢和较温和条件下的快速放氢.     

氢化燃烧法合成La1.5Ni0.5Mg17的工艺优化

采用正交实验设计方法安排实验，运用L9(3^4)优化氢化燃烧法合成La1.5Ni0.5Mg17的工艺，考察了施压制饼时间、合成保温时间、合成起始氢气压力、保温温度4个因素对储氢材料的储放氢容量和速率的影响，通过直观分析和方差分析得出优化的工艺为：保温温度903K，制饼施压时间40min，合成起始氢气压力为1MPa，合成保温时间1800min。此条件下合成储氢材料La1.5M0.5Mg17在573K的储放氢容量分别为：5．40和5．15％H(质量分数)；储放氢速率分别为：0．734和0.681％H／min。用XRD分析了材料吸氢和脱氢后的物相结构发现：用Ni适量取代La2Mg17中的La没有导致结构变化，存在的LaNi5，LaH3和La改善了材料的吸放氢速率。     

利用锌渣氧粉碱驱晶化法制备纳米氧化锌紫外吸收剂

以硫酸为浸出剂,提取锌渣氧粉中的锌,形成精制ZnSO4溶液为锌源,NaOH溶液为沉淀剂,采用低温开放溶液法制备出纳米氧化锌,研究锌碱摩尔比、反应温度、不同初始锌离子浓度对产品晶体结构和形貌的影响,确立控制条件:初始Zn2+浓度0.1 mol·L-1,锌碱摩尔比1:5,控制62℃条件下恒温搅拌反应1 h,制备出锥形的六方晶系纤锌矿结构纳米氧化锌,颗粒分布均匀,平均粒径为100 nm.ZnO的形成是以负离子四面体ZnO2-2为生长基元,由Zn(OH)2到ZnO"结晶-溶解-再结晶"过程.制备的氧化锌在紫外光区280～400 nm波段有很强的吸收性,在可见光区有较好的透过率,具有良好紫外光遮蔽性和可见光透过性,可作为紫外线吸收剂使用.     

An effective reflectance method for designing broadband antireflection films coupled with solar cells

The solar spectrum covers a broad wavelength range, which requires that antireflection coating (ARC) is effective over a relatively wide wavelength range for more incident light coming into the cell. In this paper, we present two methods to measure the composite reflection of SiO₂/ZnS double-layer ARC in the wavelength ranges of 300-870 nm (dual-junction) and 300-1850 nm (triple-junction), under the solar spectrum AM0. In order to give sufficient consideration to the ARC coupled with the window layer and the dispersion effect of the refractive index of each layer, we use multi-dimensional matrix data for reliable simulation. A comparison between the results obtained from the weighted-average reflectance (WAR) method commonly used and that from the effective-average reflectance (EAR) method introduced here shows that the optimized ARC through minimizing the effective-average reflectance is convenient and available.     

High-density and narrow size-distribution InAs quantum dots formed by a modified two-step growth

We develop a modified two-step method of growing high-density and narrow size-distribution InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) by molecular beam epitaxy. In the first step, high-density small InAs QDs are formed by optimizing the continuous deposition amount. In the second step, deposition is carried out with a long growth interruption for every 0.1 InAs monolayer. Atomic force microscope images show that the high-density ($\sim $5.9$\times $10$^{10}$\,cm$^{ - 2})$ good size-uniformity InAs QDs are achieved. The strong intensity and narrow linewidth (27.7\,meV) of the photoluminescence spectrum show that the QDs grown in this two-step method have a good optical quality.     

氢化燃烧法合成La2-xNixMg17(x=0.5,1,1.5)材料的储氢性能

采用氢化燃烧法制备La2-xNixMg17(x=0.5, 1, 1.5)三元体系储氢材料, 对其热力学、动力学进行研究发现: 该体系材料具有很好的活性和较高的储氢量, 其中La1.5Ni0.5Mg17在573 K时吸放氢量分别为5.40和5.15 mass% H. 在553 K下, 体系α-β相区在600 s之内吸放氢反应分数均大于91%, 随着含Ni量的增加材料储氢容量降低, 吸放氢速率增大.物相分析知道体系吸氢后的主相是MgH2, 放氢后主相为Mg, 同时存在Mg2Ni, LaNi5或LaH3等催化物质, 从而使材料的氢化动力学性能得以明显改善.     

An effective reflectance method for designing broadband antireflection films coupled with solar cells

The solar spectrum covers a broad wavelength range,which requires that antireflection coating(ARC) is effective over a relatively wide wavelength range for more incident light coming into the cell.In this paper,we present two methods to measure the composite reflection of SiO2/ZnS double-layer ARC in the wavelength ranges of 300-870 nm(dualjunction) and 300-1850 nm(triple-junction),under the solar spectrum AM0.In order to give sufficient consideration to the ARC coupled with the window layer and the dispersion effect of the refractive index of each layer,we use multidimensional matrix data for reliable simulation.A comparison between the results obtained from the weighted-average reflectance(WAR) method commonly used and that from the effective-average reflectance(EAR) method introduced here shows that the optimized ARC through minimizing the effective-average reflectance is convenient and available.