低钴AB5型稀土系贮氢电极合金的研究

为了进一步降低AB5型混合稀土系贮氢合金的成本,采用Cr,Si,Cu替代Co和调节化学计量比的方法制备低钴AB5型贮氢合金。结果表明:3种取代元素在寿命方面的效果依次为Si>Cr>Cu,在放电容量和活化性能方面依次是Cu>Cr>Si。Cr,Cu,Si只有少量的替代才可能发挥其有利影响;通过非化学计量比的调节,低钴混合稀土系贮氢电极合金的放电容量、活化性能及倍率放电能力都能较好地达到实用要求,但是循环寿命有待提高。     

激光熔覆硬质合金强化化纤切断刀的研究

在机械压制法预置硬质合金WC/Co粉末的条形55Si2Mn弹簧钢上,用激光熔覆方法制备了化纤切断刀.调整熔覆层粉末配方中Al、TiC的加入量,结果表明加适量的Al粉能有效地抑制气孔,加TiC粉末能提高熔覆硬度.通过优化激光熔覆工艺参数,得到了无气孔缺陷、组织性能良好、硬度达到HV0.21250的激光熔覆层,达到了化纤切断刀的性能要求.     

Wear resistance of laser cladding and plasma spray welding layer on stainless steel surface

The effect of coatings, which are formed with laser cladding and plasma spray welding on 1Cr18Ni9Ti base metal, on wear resistance is studied, A 5-kW transverse flowing CO2 laser is used for cladding Co base alloy powder pre-placed on the substrate. Comparing with the plasma spray coatings, the spoiled rate of products with laser clad layers was lower and the rate of finished products was higher. Their microstructure is extremely fine. They have close texture and small size grain. Their dilution resulting from the compositions of the base metal and thermal effect on base metal are less. The hardness, toughness,and strength of the laser cladding layers are higher. Wear tests show that the laser layers have higher properties of anti-friction, anti-scour and high-temperature sliding strike. The wear resistance of laser clad layers are about one time higher than that of plasma spray welding layer.     

Ni-Mn-Ga-RE(RE=Tb,Sm)合金的马氏体相变和磁感生应变

研究了Ni48Mn33Ga19合金添加微量稀土元素Tb和Sm后，对合金的马氏体相变、磁感生应变及机械抗弯性能的影响。结果发现，微量稀土元素Tb和Sm的掺人，降低了合金的马氏体相变温度和居里温度，但晶粒显著细化，使合金的抗弯强度显著提高，具有良好的塑韧性；同时，使合金的磁感生应变值有一定下降。     

多晶Ni-Mn-Ga磁性记忆合金的相变行为及稀土元素铽的作用

研究了Ni50Mn25 xGa25-x 和Ni50Mn29Ga21-xTbx 2种成分系列磁性记忆合金的相变行为. 保持Ni含量不变, 增加Mn, 降低Ga含量会使马氏体相变温度明显提高, 同时相变滞后温区减小, 居里温度基本不变. 如果添加稀土元素铽, 相变温度继续升高, 居里温度仍然不变, 材料继续保持强的铁磁性及热弹性马氏体相变的特征.     

退火温度对La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2贮氢电极合金的结构及电化学性能的影响

为了改善La-Mg-Ni系合金电极的循环稳定性,对铸态合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Co0.2在0.3 MPa压力氩气保护下进行不同温度的退火（1123,1223和1323 K）,保温时间均为10 h。系统研究了退火温度对合金的微观结构及电化学性能的影响。X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）研究结果表明,合金具有多相结构,当铸态及1123 K温度退火后合金主要由LaNi5,（La,Mg）2（Ni,Co）7相以及少量的LaNi2相组成。当退火温度为1223和1323 K时,合金中LaNi2相消失,合金主要由LaNi5,（La,Mg）2（Ni,Co）7及（La,Mg）（Ni,Co）3相组成。随退火温度提高,合金最大放电容量单调下降,但合金的循环稳定性得到改善。退火处理改善合金循环稳定性的原因在于退火后合金组织均匀,晶粒增大,在KOH电解质溶液中增强合金电极抗氧化腐蚀能力,抑制合金颗粒粉化。     

热物性参量对飞秒激光烧蚀金属影响的分子动力学模拟

利用结合双温模型的分子动力学模拟方法,研究了飞秒激光与金属相互作用的烧蚀机制.采用中心波长为800 nm,能量密度从0.043 J·cm~(-2)到0.40 J·cm~(-2)不等,脉宽分别为70 fs和200 fs的激光烧蚀金属镍和铝材料.靶材的温度、原子位型以及内部压力随时间的演化展示了材料热物性参量特性和激光参量对烧蚀结果的影响.结果显示材料电子热传导率对飞秒脉宽激光下的影响仍然较大;对比铝和镍的结果可知,铝的电子晶格耦合系数比镍的小,故电子晶格间的温度梯度持续时间较长;铝的电子热传导系数比镍的大,所以材料上下表面电子温度耦合的时间缩短.铝薄膜表面在能量密度为0.40 J·cm~(-2)激光烧蚀下呈现纳米尺寸的晶体结构.     

Mm(NiMnTiCo)5贮氢合金的制备工艺、 电化学性能及相结构研究

用电化学测量、Ｘ射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和能谱分析等技术对不同工艺制备的Ｍｍ（ＮｉＭｎＴｉＣｏ）５贮氢合金的电化学性质和结构进行了详细研究。快淬技术如熔体喷带法可有效改善合金的循环稳定性，但却导致其活化速度和放电容量下降。合金在适当温度下回火可弥补以上不足。不同制备工艺造成合金电化学性能变化的原因在于相结构和显微组织的差别。     

Magnetic-Field-Induced Strains of Bonded Ni-Mn-Ga Melt-Spun Ribbons

Non-stoichiometric Ni50Mn27 Ga23 polycrystalline ribbons are prepared by melt-spinning technique. The magneticfield-induced strain （MFIS） of Ni-Mn-Ga bulk alloy prepared by bonding the melt-spun ribbons is obtained. The experimental results show that Ni50Mn27Ga23 bonded ribbons exhibit a typical thermal-elastic shape memory effect in the thickness direction. The martensitic transformation strain of bonded ribbons is an expansive strain of about 0.3% without the magnetic field and a contractive strain of about -0.46% at the magnetic field of 1 T. The field can not only enhance the value of the martensitic transformation strain of the bonded ribbons, but can also change the direction of the strain. The bonded ribbons alloy presents negative MFIS and obtains a larger value of the strain though influenced by the adhesive between the ribbons. Therefore, the preparation technique of the Ni-Mn-Ga bulk alloy by bonding melt-spun ribbons is helpful to get rid of the size restriction of the ribbon and to broaden the applications of the ribbons.     

定向凝固生长对Ni-Mn-Ga-RE (RE=TbSm)合金磁感生应变的影响

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