Methodological Study on AMS Measurement of U Isotope Ratios in Nanogram U Samples

The determination of uranium isotopic composition in trace samples is important in different fields. A new measurement method that uses an accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） technique has been developed for the analysis of uranium isotopic ratios in ultra-trace uranium samples at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. As result, about 5-nanogram level uranium samples analyzed with AMS is achieved.     

AMS测量中同量异位素的鉴别方法

在加速器质谱测量中,存在同位素和同量异位素的干扰.排除同位素的干扰是开展超微量核素分析的重要课题之一.主要介绍了加速器质谱测量中同量异位素的几种鉴别、排除方法,以及这些方法的原理、发展及应用. There are interference of isotopes and isobars in accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements. Eliminating the isobaric interference is the important aspect in AMS measurements. Several methods of isobaric identification in AMS measurements are discussed in this paper. Principles, developments and applications of these methods are also introduced.     

用HI-13串列加速器质谱装置测量182Hf的研究

¹⁸²Hf的半衰期为(8.90±0.09)Ma, 是一个接近灭绝的放射性核素. 超新星爆炸是自然界中已知的惟一能产生¹⁸²Hf的途径. 因此¹⁸²Hf是研究近1亿年来在地球附近可能发生的超新星事件的理想核素. 另外, ¹⁸²Hf是核工程中特别感兴趣的一个长寿命放射性核素. 精确测量超痕量的¹⁸²Hf对反应堆的设计和核天体物理学以及其他研究领域都是非常重要的. 用加速器质谱有可能实现对超低含量¹⁸²Hf的测量. 在中国原子能科学研究院的HI-13加速器质谱装置上对¹⁸²Hf的测量方法以及样品的化学去钨方法进行了研究, 分别得到了空白样品以及系列标准样品的¹⁸²Hf和¹⁸³W的能量-飞行时间双维谱. ¹⁸²W对¹⁸²Hf计数的贡献是通过测量¹⁸³W的计数归一扣除的. 目前本工作对¹⁸²Hf的测量灵敏度为4.15±10^－11 (¹⁸²Hf/¹⁸⁰Hf比值).     

Measurement of the half-life of ~(79)Se with accelerator mass spectrometry

The accelerator mass spectrometry(AMS) is an effective method for the determination of the half-life of long-lived radionuclides. In this paper, we report a method for measurement of the half-life of79 Se. The number of79 Se atoms was determined from measured79Se/Se absolute ratios with the AMS system at the China Institute of Atomic Energy and the decay rate of79 Se was determined by counting the emitted β-rays with a liquid scintillation spectrometer. The major improvements of our measurements include using the high abundance of an79 Se sample which was cooled for many years to exclude the interference of short-lived nuclides, the extraction of SeO-2molecular ions, that results in a suppression of the79 Br background by as much as about five orders of magnitude. Also, an AMS measurement of the absolute ratio of79Se/Se was developed to avoid systematic errors. The results show that79Se/Se is(2.35±0.12)×10-7in the reference sample and the radioactivity of79 Se is(1.24±0.05) Bq/g, so the half-life of79 Se is(2.78±0.18)×105a.     

加速器质谱测量53Mn及其在地球科学中的应用

宇宙成因核素 53Mn是一种非常理想的地貌演变研究工具。近年来, 随着加速器质谱（AMS）技术的不断发展, 人们已能够进行53Mn的高灵敏测量。介绍了53Mn在地球科学中的应用前景、 国际研究现状及中国原子能科学研究院目前正在开展的53Mn高灵敏AMS测量方法的研究。The determination of cosmogenic 53Mn concentrations found in terrestrial formations has many interesting applications for Earth Sciences. With Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) it should be possible to detect minute amounts of 53Mn. The situation of international research of 53Mn AMS measurement and applications are presented. The AMS measurement method of 53Mn at China Institute of Atomic Energy and its applications prospect are to be explored.     

加速器质谱测量182Hf的效率研究

182Hf是长寿命放射性核素,其半衰期约为9×106 a. 测量环境样品中的182Hf对核天体物理学和核工程的研究具有重要的意义. 加速器质谱(AMS)作为一门超高灵敏核分析技术,可以测量样品中极其微量的182 Hf. 本工作在中国原子能科学研究院HI 13串列加速器核物理国家实验室的AMS装置上对182 Hf的AMS效率进行了测量,得到了初步的测量结果.     

基于CaF2靶样的加速器质谱测量生物样品中41Ca的方法研究

为满足⁴¹Ca生物示踪样品测量的需要, 在北京HI-13串列加速器质谱(Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, AMS)系统上建立了以CaF₂为靶样的⁴¹Ca AMS分析方法.生物样品和⁴¹Ca标准样品经过化学分离和纯化, 制备成CaF₂作为靶物质. AMS测量⁴¹Ca时, 离子源引出CaF₃-负离子, 膜剥离后的电荷态选择为7⁺态, 加速器端电压选定为8.5MV, 用充有140mbar P10气体的多阳极电离室探测⁴¹Ca. 结果显示探测器可实现对⁴¹Ca与同量异位素干扰⁴¹K的分辨, 粒子谱中⁴¹K的计数率很低,对⁴¹Ca不形成干扰. 对制备的4个标准样品(⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca在1.785×10^－8—1.750×10^－10范围)的测量结果显示⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca绝对测量值与标称值之间的线性关系良好(r²=0.997),经⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca为1.785×10^－8的标准样品归一化后, S2, S4两个标样的测量值与标称值吻合较好, 但标样S3的测量值与标称值有较大偏离. 估计生物样品的⁴¹Ca/⁴⁰Ca本底值低于8.2×10^－13.     

灰岩侵蚀速率的研究

测定不同地貌环境下的侵蚀速率是了解地表形成及演化的基础。目前,已有人用10Be/26Al双核素和宇宙成因核素36Cl来研究灰岩表面的侵蚀速率和暴露年龄。本工作通过36Cl的AMS测量计算了北京地区灰岩表面的侵蚀速率,其结果为(1.33±0.28)×10-5m.a-1。     

Progress in AMS Measurement of 182Hf at CIAE

Accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） is one of the most promising methods to detect minute amounts of 182Hf. However, the sensitivity of 5×10^-11 for ^182Hf/180Hf obtained previously by the AMS method at China Institute of Atomic Energy （CIAE） cannot meet the requirement of some applications. We present some new improvements of measurement method for AMS measurement of 182Hf at the CIAE HI？13 tandem accelerator system. As a result, a sensitivity of 1.0×10^-11 for 182Hf/180Hf is achieved.     

Determination of the number of atoms of the long-lived nuclide 126Sn by γ-ray spectrometry

By using HPGe γ-ray spectrometry, the activity of the long-lived fission product 126Sn in a SnOB2 sample was measured. The number of 126Sn atoms and the ratio of 126Sn to Sn were calculated based on the half-life value of 2.35×105a and the chemical stoichiometry. The result of the ratio of 126Sn to Sn, （1.033±0.037）×10-8, is consistent with the results measured by the accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） within uncertainty limits, which confirms our procedures in the measurement of 126Sn by AMS and lays a foundation for the AMS measurement of 126Sn at much lower levels.