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ZHANG Zhi-qian 《应用数学和力学(英文版)》2005,26(8):1064-1071
IntroductionAs one of the meshfree methods, multiple scale reproducing kernel particle method(RKPM)[1,2]bears, besides the common features of all meshfree methods, a uniqueinherent feature of multiresolution analysis by which the structural response can b… 相似文献
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采用乙二醇回流法合成了复合氟化物KAlF4和KAlF4:Ce3+纳米粒子,并利用X射线衍射(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对其结构、形貌、粒径大小以及表面含氧量进行了表征.结果表明,采用回流法在适当的反应条件下可制得单一晶相的KAJF4和KAlF4:Ce3+纳米粒子,其平均粒径为32.5nm.KAlF4的O1s的XPS分峰谱图表明,其表面只有一种氧种为化学吸附氧(α氧),且表面氧的含量小于5%.KAlF4:Ce3+的发射光谱中最大发射峰位于330nm处,归属于Ce3+的5d→4f跃迁. 相似文献
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以三价铁盐为铁源,采用多元醇还原法在低温下制备出了具有不同长径比的棒状LiFePO4材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗谱(EIS)和恒电流充放电测试等手段分析了不同回流反应时间下制备出的前驱体和最终的LiFePO4/C样品.结果表明:回流反应时间对LiFePO4的形貌和特性有明显的影响.通过把回流反应时间从4 h延长至16 h,材料的形貌由不规则的短棒状颗粒变为规则的长棒状颗粒,且棒的直径明显变小.当回流反应时间为10 h时,样品复合了多种形貌,有利于电子的传输,在低倍率下具有优秀的性能,0.1C放电比容量为163 mAh g-1;当回流反应时间为16 h时,样品具有最大的长径比,有利于锂离子的扩散,在高倍率下具有良好的性能,1C、3C、5C、10C、20C倍率下放电比容量分别为135、125、118、110、98 mAh g-1,循环性能良好,几乎无衰减. 相似文献
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Fischer indole cyclization of phenylhydrazine and various ketones using carboxyl-functionalized ionic liquid, 1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (abbreviated as [cmmim][BF4]) as catalyst was successfully performed. The yields of thetarget compounds were 80-92%, the purities were 96-98%. The catalyst could be rocovered and reused for at least six times without significant loss in activity. 相似文献
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组装了一种新型的微波辅助旋转回流装置,该装置的基本原理与微波辅助溶剂萃取的原理相同,但采用了旋转的技术以加速提取.应用该装置以正交实验筛选优化叶下珠中有机酸的提取工艺,并利用毛细管电泳技术分离测定了提取液中有机酸的含量以评价提取效果.最佳提取工艺:乙醚为溶剂,微波功率800 W,提取时间4 min,溶剂用量300 mL.在该提取条件下,平行5次提取叶下珠中丁二酸、原儿茶酸、没食子酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸的平均含量分别为42.2、103.5、436.2、123.8、67.4 μg/g,相对标准偏差为0.87% ~3.7%,加标回收率为94% ~104%.将该法与常规的微波辅助提取法及回流提取法进行比较,结果表明,微波辅助旋转回流提取法提取效率明显优于其它2种方法. 相似文献
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采用盐酸回流法和氨水沉淀法合成了氧化铝载体,并通过络合真空浸渍法制备了不同来源氧化铝负载的Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al2O3催化剂。利用N2物理吸附、CO脉冲吸附、H2程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附、热重等手段对Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,以异丁烷脱氢为探针反应研究了氧化铝载体对该催化剂脱氢性能的影响。结果表明,与由盐酸回流法合成的载体制备的催化剂相比,采用氨水沉淀法合成的氧化铝载体制备的Pt-Sn-K/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面具有较小的Pt颗粒和较弱的酸性分布,其脱氢活性及异丁烯选择性更优。14 d的连续运行数据显示,由氨水沉淀合成的载体制备的催化剂,其抗积炭能力更强,反应后催化剂的积炭石墨化程度更低,因而具有更好的稳定性;在该催化剂上,异丁烷初始转化率为56.67%,14 d后仍能达到34.71%,异丁烯初始选择性为80%,7 d后维持在94%左右。 相似文献
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Carbon dots (C dots) are relatively novel carbon nanomaterials that have attracted significant interest due to their unique photoluminescence, good biocompatibility, and stability. The preparation methods of C dots was usually summarized into "top-down" and "bottom-up", and mixed acid reflux is a top-down strategy that can be used to synthesize C dots, during which neutralization is a necessary step that can significantly influence the properties and potential applications of the final product. Previously, this research area mainly focused on tuning the properties of C dots by changing the starting materials and/or varying the reaction conditions; the influence of the reagents used during neutralization has been largely ignored. As the previously reported C dots prepared by mixed acid reflux were obtained from different starting materials under varied conditions, a meaningful comparison is difficult. Herein, yellow-emitting C dots were prepared by mixed acid-refluxing a carbon-rich material derived from fullerene carbon soot. For the same batch of as-prepared C dots, the influences of four reagents, i.e., NaOH, Na2CO3, K2CO3, and NH3·H2O, during neutralization on the structures and photoluminescence of the resulting C dots were investigated in detail. The results of thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy clearly showed that the reagent used during neutralization can affect the degree of dissociation of the acidic functional groups on the C dots. This is further supported by examination of the C dot/surfactant mixtures where subtle changes in the phase behavior were observed. Structural changes of the C dots cause variations in their surface states, ultimately altering the optical characteristics, including UV-vis absorption and fluorescence. Among the treated C dots, the sample prepared with Na2CO3 showed the strongest emission under the same excitation wavelength, while that prepared with NH3·H2O exhibited a distinct red shift (~8 nm) in the emission curve. The results presented herein provide clear evidence that neutralization reagent selection is important for optimizing the properties of the resulting C dots obtained by mixed acid reflux. In addition, the photoluminescence of the C dots can be influenced by their counterions, providing a novel method for tuning the properties of C dots while explaining their behavior in saline solutions. In short, the basicity of the neutralizing reagent and the type of counterions affect the structure of the C dots surface, which brings different performances. This work reminds researchers that it is necessary to use the type of neutralizing reagent as an experimental condition when preparing C dots in the future. 相似文献