Advanced response surface method for mechanical reliability analysis

Based on the classical response surface method (RSM), a novel RSM using improved experimental points (EPs) is presented for reliability analysis. Two novel points are included in the presented method. One is the use of linear interpolation, from which the total EPs for determining the RS are selected to be closer to the actual failure surface; the other is the application of sequential linear interpolation to control the distance between the surrounding EPs and the center EP, by which the presented method can ensure that the RS fits the actual failure surface in the region of maximum likelihood as the center EPs converge to the actual most probable point (MPP). Since the fitting precision of the RS to the actual failure surface in the vicinity of the MPP, which has significant contribution to the probability of the failure surface being exceeded, is increased by the presented method, the precision of the failure probability calculated by RS is increased as well. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.     

Simultaneous analysis of current‐use pesticides and their transformation products in water using mixture‐sorbent solid phase extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Pesticides have posed significant threats to aquatic ecosystems, yet little is known about their transformation products. The challenge is to simultaneously analyze various pesticides and transformation products in water as they have distinct physicochemical properties. A mix‐mode solid phase extraction method was established to simultaneously analyze current‐use pesticides and their transformation products using a mixture of hydrophile–lipophile balance, weak anion, and cation exchange resins (2:1:1, w/w/w) in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for chemical quantification. Neutral, acidic, and alkaline methanol were used as the elution solvent. Box‐Behnken design was applied to optimize extraction conditions. Optimal conditions were as follows: sorbent mass, 200 mg; volume of elution solvent, 5 mL × 3; pH 4. The method was validated for compounds at concentrations from 20 to 1000 ng/L in different types of water samples, with recovery being from 43.5 ± 3.1 to 141 ± 35%. Low method detection limits (0.02?5.6 ng/L) implied that the developed method was sensitive. Finally, the method was applied to monitor current‐use pesticides and their transformation products in natural waters. Frequent detection of transformation products of pesticides indicated that their contribution to aquatic risk should not be ignored.     

基于响应面法的复合材料连接结构可靠性分析

复合材料的力学性能参数比金属材料呈现出更大的分散性。本文提出采用加权线性响应面法对复合材料单钉连接结构进行可靠性分析。采用三维有限元模型进行复合材料单钉连接的确定性渐进失效分析。单向铺层的力学性能参数和强度参数均考虑为输入随机变量,用于可靠性分析。详细研究了不同失效准则和不同刚度退化方法的影响。结果表明,Olmedo-Santiuste失效准则与Camanho-Matthews刚度退化方法的组合能够给出与试验均值最接近的强度分析结果。另外,还仔细研究了响应面参数f的影响。结果表明,取f=1的线性加权响应面能够为复合材料单钉连接可靠性分析提供较好的统计特性逼近值。     

正交试验结合响应面法优化诃子多糖提取工艺

采用正交试验结合响应面法优化诃子多糖的提取工艺,以诃子多糖的提取率为指标,以固液比、提取温度、提取时间和提取次数为因素,正交试验初步筛选工艺参数,响应面法做进一步优化.结果表明,多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为固液比1∶28,提取温度69℃,提取时间1h,提取次数3次,各项指标相对误差均小于2%,应用响应面法可减少诃子多糖提取时间.     

基于神经网络技术的乘波体优化设计

乘波体是高超声速飞行器的主要组成部分，也是飞行器产生升力的主要部分. 针对基 于计算流体动力学(CFD)分析的乘波体优化设计问题，引入人工神经元网络响应面方法. 选 取一定数量的乘波体外形，进行气动性能分析后，利用乘波体的外形控制参数和气动参数做 为训练样本对乘波体进行训练. 利用这些训练样本对人工神经网络进行训练. 在优化计算中 以充分训练的神经网络替代CFD分析，发展了一种基于神经网络技术的乘波体优化设计方法. 利用该方法在马赫数6、雷诺数7\times 10^6条件下，分别对乘波体进行了最大升阻比的单目标和综 合考虑升阻比、容积及表面积的多目标优化. 计算结果表明，采用神经网络响应面技术可在 保证计算稳定性的条件下有效提高计算效率.     

现代结构系统可靠性评估理论研究进展

简要介绍大型结构系统可靠性评估理论的发展概况，对各个时期有代表性的估算方法进行了比较系统的分析，重点阐述了复杂系统可靠性精确评估理论的整体框架，对近年来兴起的随机有限元法，直接ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ模拟法，响应面法和广义失效面及广义母体分布重构方法的应用前景作了粗略的预测。     

二氧化硅担载Preyssler杂多酸上苯和1-癸烯的烷基化反应:利用表面响应方法进行统计设计(英文)

The response surface method (RSM) was applied to study the liquid phase alkylation of benzene with 1-decene catalyzed by means of silica supported Preyssler heteropoly acid. A three step experimental design was developed based on the central composite design (CCD). Catalyst loading, catalyst mass percent, and benzene to 1-decene molar ratio were used to optimize 1-decene conversion and linear alkylbenzene (LAB) yield. The results indicated that the quadratic model was significant for these two responses. The experimental results revealed that all variables had positive effect on 1-decene conversion. While increasing the catalyst loading tends to decrease LAB yield. Benzene to 1-decene molar ratio was found to be the most important factor that influenced LAB yield with a positive effect. Design expert software suggested several optimized solutions, among them the best choice was to use 31% catalyst loading, benzene to 1-decene molar ratio of 13, and catalyst percent of 3.6 wt% for obtaining 100% conversion and 88% LAB production yield.     

基于样本点选择策略的一种改进响应面法

为提高响应面函数在验算点附近的拟合精度,提出了一种基于样本点选择策略的改进响应面法,选取不考虑随机变量耦合项的多项式进行拟合,通过对第二次迭代产生的设计点构造参考点,令样本点或参考点进行线性插值,从而得到下一次迭代所需样本点。该方法不仅能有效利用已有的抽样信息从而减少评估结构系统可靠性所需的计算工作量,还可以使得拟合得到的响应面更好地呈现验算点附近极限状态面的非线性趋势,从而提高失效概率的评估精度。算例表明:该方法在进行隐式或显示极限状态函数下的可靠度计算中,相对传统响应面法均提高了一定的效率和精度,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

考虑参数分布特征的隧道围岩稳定失效概率计算

基于围岩变形破坏原理,建立了围岩稳定极限状态方程的普遍形式,研究了响应面方法求解该方程的过程,得出经典响应面方法仅仅适用于围岩物理力学参数随机分布曲线偏度系数为零的情况。针对围岩物理力学参数统计分布曲线的复杂性,利用统计矩参数对随机变量分布曲线形态特征的控制作用,提出了抽样样本修正方法和具体计算公式,归纳了修正后响应面算法的运行程序。以某公路隧道为例,分别采用经典算法和修正后算法计算了围岩稳定可靠度,然后与蒙特卡洛模拟结果进行了对照,经典方法计算结果与准精确解的绝对误差为1.017%,修正方法的计算结果与准精确解的绝对误差为0.388%。     

Vinyl Polymerization. CLXXXV. Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated with Benzoic Anhydride and Dimethylaniline N-Oxide. Effects of Solvent and the Substituent of the Initiator

Studies on the rate of the reaction of substituted dimethylaniline N-oxide (DMAO) with substituted benzoic anhydride (Bz₂O) and the rate of polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with their systems were made. The solvent effects on the rate of the reaction of DMAO with Bz₂O and on the polymerization of MMA with the system were also studied.