DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION STUDIES FOR FATIGUE MICRO-CRACK INITIATION AND PROPAGATION OF NI BASED SUPERALLOY

An experimental investigation on the mechanical mechanisms of fatigue micro-crack initiation and propagation of a nickel-based superalloy is presented. By coupling digital image correlation method and scanning electron microscope, the fatigue residual strain distribution at the grain scale has been obtained. The results showed that there is a trend of accumulation for the residual strain. Micro-cracks are more likely to initiate in or near the areas with particularly large residual strain, and propagate along the large-strain paths.     

混凝土类材料动态拉伸强度的微观力学模型

基于水泥砂浆试样动态劈裂拉伸实验,研究了不同加载速率下水泥砂浆材料动态劈裂时的裂纹发 生和扩展规律,提出一个微观力学模型。结果表明,微裂纹惯性是混凝土类材料动态拉伸实验中测量到的动 态拉伸强度随应变率的增加而提高的一种微观机制。     

KDP晶体微纳米加工表层缺陷对其激光损伤阈值的影响

使用有限元方法分析了在激光辐照条件下,KDP晶体已加工表面存在的残余内应力、微裂纹及微孔等多种微纳米加工表层缺陷对晶体激光损伤阈值的影响。通过分析发现:KDP晶体微纳米加工表层缺陷的存在,会影响晶体表面的温度场及热应力场的分布,使入射激光的能量积聚在缺陷附近的很小范围内,造成晶体缺陷处产生局部熔融现象,从而使KDP晶体产生损伤,降低KDP晶体的激光损伤阈值。针对微纳米表层的微裂纹进行了损伤阈值测试实验,结果表明微裂纹的存在会降低KDP晶体的激光损伤阈值(约降低3J/cm2),实验结果与仿真结果符合得很好。     

Non-equilibrium statistical theory about microscopic fatigue cracks of metal in magnetic field

This paper develops the non-equilibrium statistical fatigue damage theory to study the statistical behaviour of micro-crack for metals in magnetic field. The one-dimensional homogeneous crack system is chosen for study. To investigate the effect caused by magnetic field on the statistical distribution of micro-crack in the system, the theoretical analysis on microcrack evolution equation, the average length of micro-crack, density distribution function of micro-crack and fatigue fracture probability have been performed. The derived results relate the changes of some quantities, such as average length, density distribution function and fatigue fracture probability, to the applied magnetic field, the magnetic and mechanical properties of metals. It gives a theoretical explanation on the change of fatigue damage due to magnetic fields observed by experiments, and presents an analytic approach on studying the fatigue damage of metal in magnetic field.     

玻璃质光学元件表面微裂纹的研究

研究了影响玻璃质光学元件表面质量的主要因素,认为表面微裂纹是表面强度改变的主要原因。用机械磨削初成形工艺方法分析研究了表面微裂纹产生的原因;通过裂纹尖端应力集中及Griffith能量平衡理论,分析了裂纹扩展方式;结合表面结构缺陷理论及研磨处理表面微缺陷工艺,阐述了HF腐蚀法对微裂纹的去除机理及效果;最后,综述了通过生产工艺提高玻璃强度的方法,重点讨论了离子交换法,镀膜法和HF腐蚀法等表面处理技术,指出使用HF腐蚀法去除表面微裂纹更适用于玻璃质光学元件的表面加工。     

Morphological evolution during diffusive healing of internal cracks within grains of α-iron

Micron-sized internal cracks were introduced into rounded bars of pure iron by low cycle fatigue, and the cracks had irregular penny-shaped morphology with the critical diameter of about 30μm and the thickness of 0.5–1.5μm. The initiation and propagation of the cracks were investigated quantitatively as well as their location and geometry. After vacuum annealing of the samples fatigued, the morphology in a two-dimensional longitudinal section of cracks within grains had evolved from initially elliptical one into arrays of spherical voids controlled by surface diffusion. Furthermore, a typical morphology for a broken crack with a center spherical void surrounded by outer doughnut-like cavities was observed along a perpendicular section of the specimen. Subsequently the spherical voids shrink and diminish gradually dominated by bulk diffusion. A physical model to heal an internal microcrack was proposed, in particular for the various healing stages controlled by the related dominant diffusion mechanism and their dependencies upon the morphology and geometry of an original micro-crack in materials. The project supported by the National Outstanding Young Investigator Grant of China (59925104) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59889101)     

单轴拉伸条件下脆性岩石微裂纹损伤模型研究

利用断裂力学、损伤力学和均匀化原理,对脆性岩石单轴拉伸条件下的力学特性进行分析,建立了脆性岩石的微裂纹损伤本构模型.首先对岩石内部微裂纹的统计分布规律进行分析,给出了理论分析过程中微裂纹分布的假设条件,在此基础上,参考已有研究成果,得到含细长微裂纹脆性岩石有效弹性参数的计算公式.然后,对岩石内部单一微裂纹进行断裂力学和损伤力学分析,得到了扩展裂纹尖端的应力强度因子计算公式,在一定微裂纹断裂扩展准则和断裂扩展速率的假设基础上,利用积分原理,得到了岩石整体的损伤变量和损伤演化方程,由此建立单轴拉伸条件下脆性岩石的微裂纹损伤本构模型.最后,通过一花岗岩的单轴拉伸试验结果对微裂纹损伤本构模型进行了验证.     

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木材声发射信号与其内外部损伤情况存在一定的定量关系. 依据损伤理论和含有裂 纹以及缺陷的木材不同阶段的声发射特征,分别探讨并建立了受交变载荷和单向静载荷情况下以声发 射特征参数表示的木材损伤演变模型. 分析结果与木材的实际情况相一致,表明以声发射特 征参量建立的木材损伤演变模型对木材的损伤预测具有提前性与敏感性,而且木材的不均匀 性是其提前破坏的主要原因之一.     

Interaction between cracks and effect of microcrack zone on main crack tip

Mechanism interaction between cracks with different orientation angles is analyzed based on the principle of superposition and a flattening method. It is found that the maximum interaction effect does not occur when the microcrack is along the direction parallel or perpendicular to the principal tensile stress, which is different from the conclusion drawn by Ortiz （1987）. The mechanism of microcrack generation and the effect of the microcrack zone on the main crack tip are studied. It is concluded that the microcrack zone has effect on the main crack tip, which increases with the increase of microcrack density and length.     

Why we have not yet found a retrograde planet in the solar system?

In this paper we use the Jacobian integral of the circular restricted three-body problem to establish a testing function of a moving testing particle when it moves like a planet. This function determines whether or not the particle will stay in a definite region (which may be called stable region, SR). By means of checking with an electronic computer, we can find that the SR of quasicircular orbit of retrograde planet motion is much less than the SR of direct planet motion. It is the reason why the existence of a retrograde planet is very rare.