Revealing the Effect of Surface Composition on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Supported Pt-Fe Alloy Electrocatalysts for Methanol Oxidation Performance

The designs of efficient and inexpensive Pt-based catalysts for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) are essential to boost the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells. Here, the highly catalytic performance PtFe alloys supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) decorating nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) have been successfully prepared via co-engineering of the surface composition and electronic structure. The Pt₁Fe₃@NC/MWCNTs catalyst with moderate Fe³⁺ feeding content (0.86 mA/mg_Pt) exhibits 2.26-fold enhancement in MOR mass activity compared to pristine Pt/C catalyst (0.38 mA/mg_Pt). Furthermore, the CO oxidation initial potential of Pt₁Fe₃@NC/MWCNTs catalyst is lower relative to Pt/C catalyst (0.71 V and 0.80 V). Benefited from the optimal surface compositions, the anti-corrosion ability of MWCNT, strong electron interaction between PtFe alloys and MWCNTs and the N-doped carbon (NC) layer, the Pt₁Fe₃@NC/MWCNTs catalyst presents an improved MOR performance and anti-CO poisoning ability. This study would open up new perspective for designing efficient electrocatalysts for the DMFCs field.     

成分和厚度的依赖

通过调整Mn的成分，系统地研究了Ni81Fe19/Ni100-xMnx双层膜的磁学性质，特别是交换偏置场(Hex)的变化.当Ni100-xMnx中Mn的原子百分比在534%到600%之间时，对于150nm的Ni81Fe19，得到了最大的交换偏置场175kA/m，同时由于Mn对Ni81Fe19层的扩散所造成的磁矩的降低小于20%；高角x射线衍射证明Ni100-xMnx的晶格常数随着Mn成分的改变而变化，Mn含量越多，其晶格常数越大；制备态Ni100-xMnx膜晶格常数与θ相NiMn膜晶格常数的接近程度与NiMn膜θ相形成的容易程度相对应.也研究了交换偏置场随着Ni１００-xMnx厚度的变化，第一次得到了当Ni100-xMnx中Mn的原子百分比为706%时，Ni81Fe19(150nm)/Ni100-xMnx(90nm)双层膜在经过240℃，5h退火后，可以有80kA/m的交换偏置场，此时铁磁层磁矩的大小几乎不变. 关键词： Ni81Fe19/Ni100-xMnx 交换偏置场     

双阳极磁控注入枪束流特性的研究

 介绍了用于34GHz基波回旋速调管的双阳极磁控注入枪的结构特点，为了准确分析磁控注入枪的束流特性，建立了阴极表面理论模型，用新编制的程序模拟了电子轨迹。模拟和测量结果显示磁场对磁控注入枪的束流有影响，磁控注入枪的束流也与阴极温度和空间电荷效应有关系。     

Luminescence properties of anodic aluminum oxide films with organic luminophores embedded into pores

Luminescence properties of porous anodic aluminum oxide films formed in a 0.6 M solution of citric acid and luminescence of paraterphenyl, perylene, coumarin 7, and rhodamine 6G dyes adsorbed by the films are investigated. The nature of emitting centers in anodic aluminum oxide is revealed. Intense photoluminescence of all tested dyes embedded into pores of anodic aluminum oxide has been found. A redshift of fluorescence spectra of dyes adsorbed by the matrix and emergence of an additional longwave band have been detected. Data obtained can be used in developing new thin-film luminescent coatings for future applications in optoelectronics and molecular electronics. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No 4, pp. 483–488, July–August, 1997.     

Determination of the arc-root position in a DC plasma torch

The behavior of an arc operated in the nontransferred mode with a conical-shaped cathode and a nozzle-shaped anode is studied by applying general tyro-dimensional conservation equations and auxiliary relations for the simulation of arc channel flows. The position of the arc-root attachment at the anode surface is determined by using Steenbeck's minimum principle, which postulates a minimum arc voltage for a given current and certain given boundary conditions. The overall effects of the anode-arc root on the plasma flow are, studied by comparing the results with those of the transferred mode of operation. Specific arc-channel diameters are chosen in the simulation in order to verify flit, numerical model through comparisons with experimental results. The results show that Steenbeck's minimum principle is useful for determining the position of the arc-root attachment at the anode surface. Application of this method for control of the arc-anode attachment may be valuable in the design and operation of plasma spray torches to avoid jet instabilities.     

江汉平原上空QTEC变化特征的统计分析

提出了一种观测台网用多接收机性能一致性的标定方法，并利用江汉平原GPS接收台网的观测数据，分析了该地区上空QTEC的日变化、季节变化、年变化和逐年变化的统计特征．标定结果表明，不同接收机之间的仪器偏差是从双频GPS卫星信标推算QTEC的主要误差来源之一，必须校正．统计分析证实，江汉平原上空QTEC的日变化特征同时受电离层和等离子层控制，其年变化以半年周期为主，峰值和谷值分别出现在两分点和两至点附近，QTEC值的逐年变化从太阳活动峰年到低年逐年下降，与以太阳黑子数为代表的太阳活动密切相关．     

Electrocatalytic activity of sol-gel-prepared RuO2/Ti anode in chlorine and oxygen evolution reactions

Electrocatalytic properties of RuO₂/Ti anode with different coating masses, which are prepared by the alkoxide sol-gel procedure, are investigated in chlorine and oxygen evolution reactions by polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in H₂SO₄ and NaCl electrolytes. According to polarization measurements, the activity of anodes at overpotentials below 100 mV is independent of coating mass. However, impedance measurements above 100 mV reveal changes in the activity of anodes in chlorine evolution reaction for different coating masses. The diffusion limitations related to the evolved chlorine are registered in low-frequency domain at 1.10 V (SCE), diminishing with the increase in potential to the 1.15 V (SCE). The observed impedance behavior is discussed with respect to the activity model for activated titanium anodes in chlorine evolution reaction involving formation of gas channels within porous coating structure. Gas channels enhance the mass transfer rate similarly to the forced convection, which also increases the activity of anode. This is more pronounced for the anode of greater coating mass due to its more compact surface structure. The more compact structure appears to be beneficial for gas channels formation. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 1173–1179. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

(Ni0.81Fe0.19)1-xCrx作为种子层对NiFe/FeMn交换偏置的影响

采用一种新的种子层材料:(Ni081Fe019)1-xCrx,通过改变种子层中Cr原子的含量,使得在其上生长的NiFeFeMn双层膜的织构和晶粒尺寸产生极大的差异,系统研究了NiFeFeMn双层膜中FeMn晶粒尺寸和织构对交换偏置的影响.实验结果表明,在FeMn的γ相(111)织构较好的前提下,交换偏置场的大小与织构的差异没有关系;FeMn的晶粒尺寸对交换偏置场有很大影响,较小的反铁磁层晶粒对交换偏置场有利,过大的反铁磁层晶粒不利于交换偏置场.将(Ni081Fe019)05Cr05与传统的种子层材料Ta进 关键词： 交换偏置 晶粒尺寸 织构 种子层     

光源偏振度对光纤陀螺零漂影响的研究

以Y波导集成光学调制器保偏型干涉式光纤陀螺作为研究对象,根据各光学元器件的参数建立了各器件的琼斯矩阵以及光路传输模型,在此基础上进行了光路偏振误差的理论分析。通过推导,得到了保偏型干涉式光纤陀螺的偏振误差表达式,并首次分析了光源偏振度对光纤陀螺零漂的影响。借助光源尾纤输出的光谱,对由0%~3%之间呈线性变化的偏振度以及对经实验测试的光源偏振度的实际值引起的偏振模式耦合误差的零漂值进行了仿真计算。结果表明,当光路中其它参数不变时,由光源偏振度变化引起的零漂值为0.001°/h,满足了高精度光纤陀螺的精度要求。     

A decomposition result for a class of polling models

Boxma and Groenendijk have shown that the workload in polling models decomposes into two independent variables. This paper demonstrates a different type of decomposition that has an explicit multi-dimensional form. This decomposition does not apply to all polling models, but does, for example, apply to models with constant switch-over times and either exhaustive or gated service disciplines. For such models, we show that the population of customers present in the system (represented by a vector indicating the number of customers at each queue) at key time points breaks into two independent subpopulations: (1) the population of customers present in the related model with zero switch-over times; (2) another population, which is particularly easy to analyze. This result has a number of theoretical and applied implications.