不同气体氛围下硅量子点的结构及其发光机理

纳秒脉冲激光在氮气、氧气和空气等不同氛围中加工出的硅量子点都有光致荧光(PL)的发光增强效应,并且在700 nm波长附近观察到了受激辐射.在不同氛围下生成的样品有几乎相同的PL光谱分布,其原因是不同氛围下加工出的样品带隙中有相同的电子态分布.计算结果显示:当硅量子点表面被氮或氧钝化后,在带隙中能够形成几乎相同的局域电子态,这种局域电子态可以俘获来自导带的电子,从而形成亚稳态,这是PL发光增强乃至产生受激辐射的关键因素. 关键词： 硅量子点 PL光谱 发光增强 电子局域态     

硅基拉曼放大器增益的理论分析

提出了硅波导中受激拉曼散射信号光获得正增益的理论分析方法,并对关键参量自由载流子寿命和抽运光功率做了分析,得到了可以获得正增益的自由载流子寿命阈值公式,抽运光功率阈值.研究了抽运方式对于硅基拉曼放大器增益的影响,并指出采用双向抽运方式可以使拉曼增益大大提高. 关键词： 硅基放大器 拉曼放大器 抽运方式     

不同气氛下裂解含苯环聚硅氧烷制备锂离子电池Si-O-C复合负极材料的电池性能研究

在惰性气氛Ar和还原性气氛H₂中通过高温裂解含苯环的聚硅氧烷分别制备了硅氧碳化物Si-O-C复合负极材料,并且采用了元素分析element analysis、广角粉末X射线衍射XRD、傅里叶激光拉曼光谱Raman等手段表征了二者组成和结构的差别.实验发现,在H₂气氛中裂解制备的Si-O-C复合负极含有较高的可逆、较低的不可逆容量,而且可逆容量随温度的增加而增长.其中H₂气氛中1000 ℃情况下制备的Si-O-C复合负极的可逆容量622 mAh/g,首次库仑效率59%.Si-O-C复合负极的不可逆容量与氧的含量相关,可逆容量可能与碳含量及碳结构,以及SiOC中硅的结构相关.在H₂气氛中制备的Si-O-C负极材料是一种潜在的锂离子电池的负极材料. 关键词： 硅氧碳化物 负极材料 锂离子电池     

粉末压片X射线荧光光谱法测定铌铁合金中 铁、铌、硅、铝、磷

为提高铌铁合金检验效率,替代繁琐的化学湿法分析,采用粉末压片制样,利用X荧光光谱法对铌铁合金中Fe、Nb、Si、Al、P 5种主要成分进行测定。选用定值过的生产样品作为内控标准样品,主要研究制样细节对分析结果的影响,确认合适的试样粒度和压片参数,通过曲线拟合建立校准曲线。测定结果与化学湿法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定结果比较,各组分精密度相对标准偏差为0.48%～1.9%,准确度满足国标分析要求。     

表面富硅型ZSM-5分子筛的甲醇制对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃催化性能

通过表面化学改性制备表面富硅型ZSM-5分子筛,采用XRD、N2等温吸附-脱附、TEM、NH3-TPD和Py-FTIR等手段对其孔结构和酸性质进行了表征,考察其甲醇制对二甲苯联产低碳烯烃反应的催化性能。结果表明,引入Zn使催化剂中一部分强酸转变为中强酸,并增加了具有脱氢作用的Zn-L酸中心,提高乙烯和丙烯的选择性;Mg改性不仅可以调节孔道的择形性,而且增加了L酸中心的数量,有利于PX的生成;不同硅源的多次硅沉积使得SiO_2可以更均匀地沉积在外表面,调变催化剂的酸性质和孔结构,从而进一步提高对二甲苯及乙烯和丙烯的选择性。最终,二甲苯中对位选择性可达到87.1%,二甲苯及乙烯和丙烯的选择性达到61%,乙烯在C_2烃类的选择性高达97.8%,丙烯在C_3烃类中选择性高达90.6%。     

硅溶胶粒度与分布对高硅铝比镁碱沸石合成的影响机理

以硅溶胶为硅源, 在不同碱度的溶液中对其进行前处理, 制得不同粒度与分布的硅溶胶母液, 并以此为原料合成了高硅铝比镁碱沸石分子筛(FER zeolite). 通过激光粒度分析仪(LPSA)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线光谱(SEM-EDS)和X射线荧光(XRF)等对母液和产物进行了表征, 考察了碱度对硅溶胶粒度特性和分子筛晶化过程以及产物性质的影响. 结果表明, 随着碱度增加, 硅溶胶母液的粒径逐渐增大, 对应于溶液中更多的Q³硅单元向Q²硅单元转变. 在低碱度下, 高聚合度的Q³硅单元倾向于使晶化过程遵循固相转化机理, 生成大片纯相镁碱沸石, 且产物的相对结晶度和固体收率均较高; 而在高碱度下, 大量活性的Q²硅单元则易于使凝胶成块, 晶化过程遵循液相转化机制, 产物尺寸较小且含有杂晶, 相对结晶度和固体收率均较低.     

固体核磁共振研究碱土金属磷硅酸盐玻璃的六配位硅结构

Phosphate glass is widely used in optical applications; however, its generally low chemical stability and poor thermal mechanical properties hinder the application of phosphate glass to the rapidly evolving laser industry. The addition of a small amount of silicon can form a six-coordinate Si (Si⁽⁶⁾) network and improve the above-mentioned poor properties of phosphate glass. Therefore, it is important to characterize and understand the structural details of phosphosilicate glasses. It is difficult to investigate the glass structure because of its complicated and disordered characteristics. However, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can provide detailed local structural information, regardless of the presence of its long-range order. To study the effect of alkaline earth metals on Si⁽⁶⁾ species formation, we prepared phosphosilicate glasses (2MO-3P₂O₅)_(1−x)·(SiO₂)_x (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) by conventional melt-quenching, and the glass structure was investigated by solid-state NMR and Raman spectroscopy. The ³¹P and ²⁹Si NMR spectra indicated that the glass networks consisted of P⁽²⁾ and P⁽³⁾ tetrahedrons linked via four- and six-fold coordinated silicon units (Si⁽⁴⁾ and Si⁽⁶⁾). The fraction of six-coordinated silicon Si⁽⁶⁾ decreased with increasing SiO₂ content. Similarly, the Raman spectra showed that the vibration band of the P＝O stretching mode in P⁽³⁾ linked with Si⁽⁶⁾ neighbors reduced as the silica content increased. The connectivities between various phosphorus species were probed by ³¹P one- and two-dimensional refocused INADEQUATE experiments. This experimental technique is based on homonuclear J-coupling and yields correlation peaks between nuclei engaged in P―O―P linkages (P⁽²⁾ and P⁽³⁾ units). The signals from isolated ³¹P nuclei are suppressed because of the absence of J-coupling, which precludes the formation of double quantum coherences. The results indicated the segregation of P⁽²⁾ and P⁽³⁾ units in the prepared glass, which were also compared with those in the previously reported Na₂O-P₂O₅-SiO₂ glasses. They differed from alkali phosphosilicate glasses, where each P⁽³⁾ unit exhibited a maximum average of one Si⁽⁶⁾―O―P⁽³⁾ linkage, and in the alkaline earth phosphosilicate glasses, the average was approximately 0.4–0.7. When the content of Si⁽⁶⁾ units reached its maximum, further increase in the SiO₂ content did not increase the Si⁽⁶⁾ content, and the surplus Si were present as Si⁽⁴⁾. Alkaline earth metal ions exhibit weaker stabilizing effects for Si⁽⁶⁾ species. Based on the results presented herein, we constructed sketches to illustrate the local structural organization of the glass. The relationships between the compositions and structures are important for glass composition and property design. It is important to improve the performance of phosphate glass by changing its composition, particularly for large laser device applications.     

不同晶粒ZSM-5沸石分子筛对合成气羰基化反应性能的影响

对沸石分子筛而言,分子筛的孔道、孔径、孔容和微孔等物理性质和酸性影响它的活性.通过调节和控制以上物理性质能够提高产物选择性和收率,降低副产物,从而促进反应性能提高活性.我们考察了ZSM-5分子筛的晶粒度和硅铝比对合成气羰基化反应性能的影响.结果表明,晶粒度小及具有一定比例的中强酸中心的ZSM-5沸石分子筛对反应有利,但晶粒度比较大即1和3μm的ZSM-5沸石分子筛目标产物选择性比较低.纳米级的ZSM-5沸石分子筛催化剂在反应中表现出较高的活性及较低的副产物选择性,是适宜的合成气羰基化反应催化剂载体.温度考察结果可知,反应温度为300℃时,效果为最佳.其中, 30～50 nm的ZSM-5沸石分子筛催化剂CO转化率为55%,乙酸甲酯和甲酸甲酯选择性之和为52%,而晶粒度3μm时, CO转化率仅为25%,乙酸甲酯和甲酸甲酯选择性之和为20%,是30～50 nm沸石分子筛的一半.当反应继续升温时,副产物的选择性也随之增加,是因为所生成的中间产物和甲醇等继续进行各种反应生成二甲醚、芳烃、烷烃以及裂解生成CO_2等干气.     

纳米硅在含添加剂的高浓度电解液中循环特征及其表面协同成膜的研究

本文研究了在LiFSI-(PC)₃高浓度电解液中添加剂对于纳米硅材料的循环性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X-射线光电子能谱分析了循环过程纳米硅材料及其电极的结构和表面SEI膜演化的特征. 结果表明,添加剂能够改善纳米硅材料的循环性能,在LiFSI-(PC)₃高浓度电解液中循环300周材料比容量为574.8 mAh·g^-1,而含有3%LiDFOB、3%FEC、3%TMSB的添加剂的高浓度电解液中,比容量分别为1142.9、1863.6和1852.2 mAh·g^-1. 作者分析认为,在LiFSI-(PC)₃浓溶液中LiFSI优先于PC在纳米硅表面发生成膜反应,形成的SEI膜由以无机物主导的内层膜和以有机物主导的外层膜组成,而在含添加剂的高浓度电解液中,添加剂和LiFSI协同参与SEI成膜反应,形成的内层膜能够减缓PC溶剂参与外层的成膜反应,由此形成的SEI膜能够抑制循环过程中SEI膜的过度生长,更好地抑制了纳米硅的粉化,纳米硅材料及其电极结构稳定性更好,材料表现出更好的循环性能.