电容器工作时的热效应

用热力学第一定律给出电容器在工作时产生的热效应。     

Periodic thermodynamics of laser-driven molecular motor

Operation of a laser-driven nano-motor inevitably generates a non-trivial amount of heat, which can possibly lead to instability or even hinder the motor＇s continual running. This work quantitatively examines the overheating problem for a recently proposed laser-operated molecular locomotive. We present a single-molecule cooling theory, in which molecular details of the locomotive system are explicitly treated. This theory is able to quantitatively predict cooling efficiency for various candidates of molecular systems for the locomotive, and also suggests concrete strategies for improving the locomotive＇s cooling. It is found that water environment is able to cool the hot locomotive down to room temperature within 100 picoseconds after photon absorption. This cooling time is a few orders of magnitude shorter than the typical time for laser operation, effectively preventing any overheating for the nano-locomotive. However, when the cooling is less effective in non-aqueous environment, residual heat may build up. A continuous running of the motor will then lead to a periodic thermodynamics, which is a common character of many laser-operated nano-devices.     

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of 4-（2-aminoethyl）-phenol （C8H11NO）

This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of 4-（2-aminoethyl）-phenol （C8H11NO） are measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by the least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15K were calculated and tabulated at the interval of 5K. The energy equivalent, εcalor, of the oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter has been determined from 0.68g of NIST 39i benzoic acid to be εcalor=（14674.69±17.49）J·K^-1. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter to be ΔcU=-（32374.25±12.93）J·g^-1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion for the compound was calculated to be ΔcHm = -（4445.47 ± 1.77） kJ·mol^-1 according to the definition of enthalpy of combustion and other thermodynamic principles. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was derived to be ΔfHm（C8H11NO, s）=-（274.68 ±2.06） kJ·mol^-1, in accordance with Hess law.     

腐殖酸自水溶液中吸附亚甲基蓝的热力学与机理研究

腐殖酸是自然界植物残体经腐解后的产物 ,为一种复杂的天然大分子有机质 ,分子内主要含有羰基、羧基、醇羟基、酚羟基等多种活性官能团 ,因此它具有弱酸性、亲水性、吸附性和络合性 ,能够与许多有机、无机物发生相互作用。腐殖酸能作为水处理过程中的吸附剂 ,研究它对水中各类污染物的吸附规律和机理是十分有意义的。赵振国等[1～ 3] 运用吸附过程的ΔＧ 、ΔＨ 、ΔＳ 等热力学函数的变化来探讨吸附机理 ,得出了一些有意义的结论。我们将这一方法应用到水溶液体系中 ,探讨在不同吸附条件下各吸附热力学函数的变化 ,以期对吸附过程有更进一…     

非电解质溶液理论的新思路

对溶液的讨论提出了一个新思路,即用传统的热力学研究方法来讨论溶液领域中的有关问题,提出了非电质溶液新的微观解释及相关概念,并用该观点讨论了几种典型的溶液。     

邻醌式同系物的DSC研究

丹参(Salvia miltirrohiza)和红根草(S.Prionitis)均含有治疗冠心病有效成分—丹参酮Ⅱ-A等二萜醌类化合物,它们的扩冠作用,抑制血小板聚集,抑菌等活性常与该类化合物的结构、晶型、极性、溶解度、熔点有密切的相关性,如前报所述A环为脂环的化合物其熔化热低于芳环的化合物.丹参中的丹参醌Ⅱ-A(1),丹参醌Ⅱ-B(2)和红根草邻醌(3),其抗菌和抗肿瘤活性强度是3>2>1,为探究其晶型结构与药效的内在联系,本文对该类化     

血清白蛋白与巴比妥钠相互作用的光谱研究

采用荧光光谱、紫外-可见光谱研究了药物巴比妥钠(BBTS)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机理,运用热力学方法确定了巴比妥钠和牛血清白蛋白相互作用力的类型主要是疏水力,该过程是一个熵增加、Gibbs自由能降低的自发超分子作用过程,根据Stern-Volmer方程和Lineweaver-Burk双倒数曲线方程求出了其结合常数在高温时比在低温时小,用F ster非辐射能量转移理论计算了二者结合时给体和受体之间的距离r=2.76 nm,能量转移效率E=0.332,证实了巴比妥钠和牛血清白蛋白之间的作用是生成复合物的静态猝灭过程,说明了猝灭机制是通过能量转移产生的。     

气相反应76/70C_(70)=C_(76)(D_2)热力学函数的计算

采用统计热力学方法计算了气相C76（D2）的标准热力学函数，在此基础上计算了不同温度下气相反应76／70C70＝C76（D2）的热力学函数，讨论了C70与C76（D2）之间相互转化的热力学条件．结果表明，气相中温度低于536K时C70转化为C76（D2），温度高于536K时气相中C76（D2）转化为C70。