Chryseobaterium s p. S 7溶藻过程光谱学特性及机理研究

藻类的大量繁殖对饮用水源、养殖业、旅游业以及人类健康造成了极大的影响。溶藻细菌作为一种生物控制手段,在控制藻类爆发方面显示出了极大的潜力。课题组前期分离获得一株金黄杆菌属溶藻菌Chryseobaterium sp.S7,研究发现该菌株具有明显的溶藻作用,作用方式为通过分泌溶藻物质进行间接溶藻,为进一步揭示该菌的溶藻特征及机理,以铜绿微囊藻为目标藻种,运用UV-Vis,EEMs,FTIR和FCM技术,分析Chryseobaterium sp.S7溶藻过程的光谱特性。实验结论如下：将菌株发酵液与藻液共培养7 d,利用UV-Vis和EEMs技术对藻细胞Chla含量与PC荧光值变化趋势进行分析,结果显示：藻细胞Chla含量在第1 d便开始下降,表明在短时间内,细菌胞外溶藻物质便可快速作用于藻细胞,第7 d时Chla去除率为59.37%。藻细胞PC荧光值也呈现下降趋势,与Chla变化趋势表现为一致性,表明在溶藻过程中伴有Chla和PC的减少。FTIR分析结果显示：藻细胞结构中的C=O, C-H,O-H键分别在1 647,2 927和3 475~3 437 cm-1处的吸收峰强度明显减弱,表明藻细胞内的多糖物质和蛋白质结构可能被破坏,处于2 500~1 700 cm-1范围的若干小吸收峰则进一步表明藻细胞解体的现象。分别在共培养第3 d和第7 d时对藻液进行PI特异染色,应用FCM对藻细胞PI特异性荧光和Chla,PC自发荧光特性进行分析,结果显示,在细菌S7的溶藻过程中,藻细胞PI特异性荧光逐渐增强,Chla、PC自发荧光呈下降趋势、表明藻细胞膜、Chla、PC三者破坏程度在溶藻过程中具有紧密的内在联系和较高的一致性。溶藻过程中藻细胞表现为多种形式的损伤,且损伤处于动态变化过程中,由Q1（Q5）区细胞按顺序逐步向Q4（Q8）区细胞移动。推测Chryseobaterium sp.S7可能的溶藻过程为：细菌将溶藻活性物质释放到细胞外,溶藻活性物质通过破坏铜绿微囊藻细胞膜中的多糖和蛋白质的结构,增加膜的通透性,进一步破坏胞体内的Chla,PC和DNA/RNA等物质,使藻体裂解死亡,最终形成细胞碎片。通过对Chryseobaterium sp.S7溶藻过程藻细胞的光谱学特性的分析,初步揭示了Chryseobaterium sp.S7的溶藻机理,为微生物控藻及修复技术提供了理论依据。     

k-途径正则有向图

In this paper, we define a class of strongly connected digraph, called the k-walk- regular digraph, study some properties of it, provide its some algebraic characterization and point out that the 0-walk-regular digraph is the same as the walk-regular digraph discussed by Liu and Lin in 2010 and the D-walk-regular digraph is identical with the weakly distance-regular digraph defined by Comellas et al in 2004.     

Cures for expansion shock and shock instability of Roe scheme based on momentum interpolation mechanism

The common defects of the Roe scheme are the non-physical expansion shock and shock instability. By removing the momentum interpolation mechanism (MIM), an improved method with several advantages has been presented to suppress the shock instability. However, it cannot prevent the expansion shock and is incompatible with the traditional curing method for expansion shock. To solve the problem, the traditional curing mechanism is analyzed. Effectiveness of the traditional curing method is discussed, and several defects are identified, one of which leads to incompatibility between curing shock instability and expansion shock. Consequently, an improved Roe scheme is proposed, which is with low computational costs, concise, easy to implement, and robust. More importantly, the proposed scheme can simultaneously solve the problem of shock instability and expansion shock without additional costs.     

三阶常微分方程的某些非线性特征值问题的正解

研究了三阶常微分方程的某些非线性特征值问题. 通过考察非 线性项在有界集上的性质建立了这些问题的正解的存在性与多解性.     

分数阶延迟微分方程的样条配置方法

首次利用三次样条配置方法采用直接法求解了一类非线性分数阶延迟微分方程初值问题,并给出了方法的局部截断误差和若干数值算例.数值结果表明方法求解分数阶延迟微分方程初值问题是非常有效的,结果对于未来研究分数阶延迟微分方程的数值方法具有重要的意义.     

无线钓鱼接入点攻击与检测技术研究综述

随着城市无线局域网热点在公共场所大规模的部署,无线局域网安全变得尤为突出和重要,其中无线钓鱼接入点(AP:Access Point)攻击是无线网络中严重的安全威胁之一.本文介绍了无线钓鱼AP攻击存在的威胁,详细分析了无线钓鱼AP攻击的基本原理和实现,阐述了无线钓鱼AP攻击主要目的和构造实现方法.基于无线钓鱼AP攻击的基本原理将无线钓鱼攻击实现方式分为被动式攻击和主动式攻击,并分别从物理层和MAC层详细分析了主动式攻击.对现有无线钓鱼AP检测技术:无线端、有线端和混合式三类嗅探检测技术,重点分析了基于802.11特征指纹的检测技术.对未来工作进行了展望,介绍了下一代无线钓鱼AP检测技术的特征.     

Factors influencing particle agglomeration during solid-state sintering

Discrete element method(DEM) is used to studythe factors affecting agglomeration in three-dimensionalcopper particle systems during solid-state sintering.A newparameter is proposed to characterize agglomeration.Theeffects of a series of factors are studied,including particlesize,size distribution,inter-particle tangential viscosity,temperature,initial density and initial distribution of particleson agglomeration.We find that the systems with smallerparticles,broader particle size distribution,smaller viscosity,higher sintering temperature and smaller initial densityhave stronger particle agglomeration and different distributions of particles induce different agglomerations.This studyshould be very useful for understanding the phenomenon ofagglomeration and the micro-structural evolution during sintering and guiding sintering routes to avoid detrimental agglomeration.     

Two-phase micro- and macro-time scales in particle-laden turbulent channel flows

The micro-and macro-time scales in two-phaseturbulent channel flows are investigated using the direct numerical simulation and the Lagrangian particle trajectorymethods for the fluid-and the particle-phases,respectively.Lagrangian and Eulerian time scales of both phases are calculated using velocity correlation functions.Due to flowanisotropy,micro-time scales are not the same with the theoretical estimations in large Reynolds number(isotropic) turbulence.Lagrangian macro-time scales of particle-phaseand of fluid-phase seen by particles are both dependent onparticle Stokes number.The fluid-phase Lagrangian integral time scales increase with distance from the wall,longerthan those time scales seen by particles.The Eulerian integral macro-time scales increase in near-wall regions but decrease in out-layer regions.The moving Eulerian time scalesare also investigated and compared with Lagrangian integraltime scales,and in good agreement with previous measurements and numerical predictions.For the fluid particles themicro Eulerian time scales are longer than the Lagrangianones in the near wall regions,while away from the walls themicro Lagrangian time scales are longer.The Lagrangianintegral time scales are longer than the Eulerian ones.Theresults are useful for further understanding two-phase flowphysics and especially for constructing accurate predictionmodels of inertial particle dispersion.     

Multiscale modeling of heterogeneous propellants from particle packing to grain failure using a surface-based cohesive approach

In the present work,a computational framework is established for multiscale modeling and analysis ofsolid propellants.A packing algorithm,considering the ammonium perchlorate(AP) and aluminum(Al) particles asspheres or discs is developed to match the size distributionand volume fraction of solid propellants.A homogenizationtheory is employed to compute the mean stress and strainof a representative volume element(RVE).Using the meanresults,a suitable size of RVE is decided.Without considering the interfaces between particles and matrix,several numerical simulations of the relaxation of propellants are performed.The relaxation effect and the nonlinear mechanicalbehavior of propellants which are dependent on the appliedloads are discussed.A new technology named surface-basedcohesive behavior is proposed to describe the phenomenonof particle dewetting consisting of two ingredients:a damageinitiation criterion and a damage evolution law.Several examples considering contact damage behavior are computedand also nonlinear behavior caused by damaged interfaces isdiscussed in this paper.Furthermore the effects of the critical contact stress,initial contact stiffness and contact failuredistance on the damaged interface model have been studied.     

Wind induced deformation and vibration of a Platanus acerifolia leaf

Deformation and vibration of twig-connected single leaf in wind is investigated experimentally.Results showthat the Reynolds number based on wind speed and lengthof leaf blade is a key parameter to the aerodynamic problem.In case the front surface facing the wind and with an increase of Reynolds number,the leaf experiences static deformation,large amplitude and low frequency sway,reconfiguration to delta wing shape,flapping of tips,high frequencyvibration of whole leaf blade,recovery of delta wing shape,and twig-leaf coupling vibration.Abrupt changes from onestate to another occur at critical Reynolds numbers.In casethe back surface facing the wind,the large amplitude andlow frequency sway does not occur,the recovered delta wingshape is replaced by a conic shape,and the critical Reynoldsnumbers of vibrations are higher than the ones corresponding to the case with the front surface facing the wind.Apair of ram-horn vortex is observed behind the delta wingshaped leaf.A single vortex is found downstream of theconic shaped leaf.A lift is induced by the vortex,and thislift helps leaf to adjust position and posture,stabilize bladedistortion and reduce drag and vibration.