Paecilomycines A and B,Novel Diterpenoids,Isolated from Insect‐Pathogenic Fungi Paecilomyces sp. ACCC 37762

Two new diterpenoids, named paecilomycine A ( 1 ) and paecilomycine B ( 2 ), including a novel skeleton with a five‐membered lactone ring, together with three known labdane diterpenoids, rel‐(1R,3S,4aS,5R,8aS)‐5‐[(3E)‐4‐carboxy‐3‐methylbut‐3‐en‐1‐yl]decahydro‐3‐hydroxy‐1,4a‐dimethyl‐6‐methylidenenaphthalene‐1‐carboxylic acid ( 3 ), botryosphaerin E ( 4 ), and agathic acid ( 5 ), were isolated from solid culture of the insect pathogenic fungi strain Paecilomyces sp. The structures of all compounds were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic studies. The relative configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses.     

Identification and Purification of the CPD Photolyase in Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633

Photoreactivation is an error‐free mechanism of DNA repair, utilized by prokaryotes and most eukaryotes and is catalyzed by specific enzymes called DNA photolyases. Photoreactivation has been reported in Vibrio parahaemolyticus WP28; however, information on photolyases in V. parahaemolyticus (V.p) strains has not been reported. This study examined the photoreactivation in V.p RIMD2210633. The photolyase responsible for repairing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) in DNA was identified, and the corresponding gene was determined as VPA1471. The protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and was purified for functional assessment in vitro. The mRNA level and protein expression level of this gene increased after ultraviolet A (UVA) illumination following ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation. In vitro experiments confirmed that the protein encoded by VPA1471 could reduce the quantity of CPD in DNA. We designated the corresponding gene and protein of VPA1471 phr and Phr, respectively, although the function of two other photolyase/cryptochrome family members, VPA0203 and VPA0204, remains unclear. UV (ultraviolet) irradiation experiments suggest that these two genes possess some photorepairing ability. Therefore, we hypothesize that VPA0203 and VPA0204 encode (6‐4) photolyase in V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633.     

金纳米粒子组装体的连续离散型纳米结构控制

采用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸的方法,制备出粒径均一的金纳米粒子(AuNPs),通过加入二水合双(对-磺酰苯基)苯基膦化二钾盐(BSPP),增强了AuNPs体系的分散性与稳定性.选用直径为15和40nm的AuNPs,用不同序列巯基修饰的单链DNA连接到其表面,通过DNA链的杂交,形成不同结构的金纳米粒子组装体.通过改变加入DNA延长连接单元的比例,可以控制金纳米粒子组装体具有连续离散型的1∶1,2∶1和3∶1纳米结构.     

有序介孔三氧化二铟/还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

以有序介孔三氧化二铟(m-In2O3)和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)为原料,采用紫外光照射法合成了介孔三氧化二铟/还原氧化石墨烯(m-In2O3-RGO)复合光催化剂.利用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)和光电流测试等手段对样品进行表征.在可见光照射下,以对氯苯酚(4-CP)为目标污染物,考察了m-In2O3-RGO光催化剂的催化性能.结果表明,m-In2O3-RGO光催化剂具有完整的晶型和规则的孔道结构,有利于光生电子和空穴的分离.同时,作为固态电子受体与传输体的RGO促进了光生电子-空穴对的传输和分离,有效提高了可见光催化性能.掺杂2%(质量分数)RGO的复合光催化剂性能最佳,4 h可将4-CP降解96%以上,催化剂经多次循环使用后,其光催化活性基本保持不变.     

不同WO3含量对CeO2-ZrO2-WO3催化剂在NH3选择性催化还原NO中的影响

采用水热法制备了CeO₂-ZrO₂-WO₃(CZW)催化剂,考察了WO₃含量对CZW催化剂上NH₃选择性催化还原NO_x性能的影响,并利用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附、H₂程序升温还原、NH₃和NO程序升温脱附等方法对其进行了表征。结果表明,WO₃以无定形的形式存在于催化剂中,添加WO₃后显著提高了催化剂的表面酸性,并且在CZW催化剂上出现了强吸附的NO物种,从而有利于提高催化剂的活性。另外,适量的WO₃引入将增大催化剂的比表面积,促进催化剂的氧化还原性能,这将有利于提高SCR的催化活性。和CeO₂-ZrO₂催化剂相比,当WO₃的含量为20%时,CZW催化剂表现出良好的抗硫性能。此外,当空速为60 000 h^-1时,在200~463 ℃,该催化剂显示出了大于90% NO_x转化率。     

Physisorption and Chemisorption on Silver Clusters

Adsorption and coadsorption studies on free silver clusters show that nitrogen physisorbs like rare gases, whereas oxygen chemisorbs with similarities and differences to bulk silver surfaces. Silver nanoparticles activate, or even dissociate adsorbed oxygen molecules. The global electron configurations of the adsorbent and adsorbate dominate the stability at small clusters. This is more important than geometry and site effects. Due to electronic shell effects and electron pairing, the activation of oxygen strongly varies with size. At more than 40 free electrons in the complex, such quantum effects start to blur. The size dependence becomes smoother and general trends govern the reactivity, which is driven by the interaction between the charge state of the nanoparticle and the charge transfer of the reaction.     

Lipophilic constituents from two processed products and three different parts of Changium smyrnioides Wolff.

This article reports the lipophilic chemical composition of different processed products (Changii Radix, Changii Radix Alba) and parts (root bark, leaf and fruit) of Changium smyrnioides Wolff.. The lipophilic constituents were extracted with petroleum ether in Soxhlet apparatus, subsequently identified and determined by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS). Yield of lipophilic constituents from Changii Radix (3.65%) was about three times more than Changii Radix Alba's (1.07%), which indicated processing by boiling in water had an impact on the content of lipophilic constituents. Moreover, the major compounds in different processed products and parts were found to be fatty acids and sesquiterpenes. The results are a contribution for the lipophilic chemical composition and can serve as a reference for product development of Changium smyrnioides Wolff..     

Preparation of novel ionic‐liquid‐modified magnetic nanoparticles by a microwave‐assisted method for sulfonylurea herbicides extraction

Ionic liquids immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles were prepared by an efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis method, and the properties of the ionic liquids were tuned based on the aromatic functional modification of its anion through a simple metathesis reaction. The novel as‐synthesized magnetic materials were characterized by various instrumental techniques. The magnetic nanoparticles have been utilized as adsorbents for the extraction of four sulfonylurea herbicides in tea samples, in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Significant extraction parameters, including type and volume of desorption solvent, extraction time, amount of adsorbent, and ionic strength were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 1–150 μg/L for metsulfuron‐methyl and bensulfuron‐methyl, and 3–150 μg/L for sulfometuron‐methyl and chlorimuron‐ethyl, with correlation coefficients R² > 0.9987. Low limits of detection were obtained ranging from 0.13 to 0.81 μg/L. The relative standard deviations were 1.8–3.9%. Comparisons of extraction efficiency with conventional solid‐phase extraction equipped with a commercial C₁₈ cartridge were performed. Results indicated that magnetic solid‐phase extraction is simple, time‐saving, efficient and inexpensive with the reusability of adsorbents. The proposed method has been successfully used to determine sulfonylurea herbicides from tea samples with satisfactory recoveries of 80.5–104.2%.     

Direct and Short Construction of the ACDE Ring System of Daphenylline

Daphenylline, a novel daphniphyllum alkaloid, boasts a fused and bridging ring system coupled with six stereogenic centers. Here we present a direct and short construction of the ACDE ring system of daphenylline from the known 3‐(2‐bromophenyl)propanal in 10 steps and 17 % overall yield. The synthesis features an iron(III)‐catalyzed aza‐Cope‐Mannich reaction, a self‐terminating 6‐exo‐trig aryl radical‐alkene cyclization and an intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation.