Influence of small-molecule material on performance of polymer solar cells based on MEH-PPV:PCBM blend

In this work,the influence of a small-molecule material,tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3),on bulk het-erojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) is investigated in devices based on the blend of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV) and [6,6]-phenyl-C 61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM).By dop-ing Alq 3 into MEH-PPV:PCBM solution,the number of MEH-PPV excitons can be effectively increased due to the energy transfer from Alq 3 to MEH-PPV,which probably induces the increase of photocurrent generated by excitons dissociation.However,the low carrier mobility of Alq 3 is detrimental to the efficient charge transport,thereby blocking the charge collection by the respective electrodes.The balance between photon absorption and charge transport in the active layer plays a key role in the performance of PSCs.For the case of 5 wt.% Alq 3 doping,the device performance is deteriorated rather than improved as compared with that of the undoped device.On the other hand,we adopt Alq 3 as a buffer layer instead of commonly used LiF.All the photovoltaic parameters are improved,yielding an 80% increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) at the optimum thickness (1 nm) as compared with that of the device without any buffer layer.Even for the 5 wt.% Alq 3 doped device,the PCE has a slight enhancement compared with that of the standard device after modification with 1 nm (or 2 nm) thermally evaporated Alq 3.The performance deterioration of Alq 3-doped devices can be explained by the low solubility of Alq 3,which probably deteriorates the bicontinuous D-A network morphology;while the performance improvement of the devices with Alq 3 as a buffer layer is attributed to the increased light harvesting,as well as blocking the hole leakage from MEH-PPV to the aluminum (Al) electrode due to the lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of Alq 3 compared with that of MEH-PPV.     

Enhanced performance in organic photovoltaic devices with a KMnO4 solution treated indium tin oxide anode modification

<正>The properties of poly（3-hexylthiophene）:（6,6）-phenyl C₆₁ butyric acid methyl ester（P3HT:PCBM） organic photovoltaic devices（OPVs） with an indium tin oxide（ITO） anode treated by a KMnO₄ solution are investigated.The optimized KMnO₄ solution has a concentration of 50 mg/L,and ITO is treated for 15 min.The modification of ITO anode results in an enhancement of the power conversion efficiency（PCE） of the device,which is responsible for the increase of the photocurrent.The performance enhancement is attributed to the work function modification of the ITO substrate through the strong oxygenation of KMnO₄,and then the charge collection efficiency is improved.     

The concentration quenching and crystallographic sites of Eu2+ in Ca2BO3Cl

A yellow phosphor, Ca2BO3CI：Eu2＋, is prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. Under the condition of excitation sources ranging from ultraviolet to visible light, efficient yellow emission can be observed. The emission spectrum shows an asymmetrical single intensive band centred at 573 nm, which corresponds to the 4f65dl→4f7 transition of Eu2＋. Eu2＋ ions occupy two types of Ca2＋ sites in the Ca2BO3C1 lattice and form two corresponding emission centres, respectively, which lead to the asymmetrical emission of Eu2＋ in Ca2BO3C1. The emission intensity of Eu2＋ in Ca2BO3C1 is influenced by the Eu2＋ doping concentration. Concentration quenching is discovered, and its mechanism is verified to be a dipole-dipole interaction. The value of the critical transfer distance is calculated to be 2.166 nm, which is in good agreement with the 2.120 nm value derived from the experimental data.     

The concentration quenching and crystallographic sites of Eu²⁺ in Ca₂BO₃Cl

A yellow phosphor, Ca2BO3 Cl:Eu2+ , is prepared by the high-temperature solid-state method. Under the condition of excitation sources ranging from ultraviolet to visible light, efficient yellow emission can be observed. The emission spectrum shows an asymmetrical single intensive band centred at 573 nm, which corresponds to the 4f 6 5d 1 →4f 7 transition of Eu2+ . Eu2+ ions occupy two types of Ca2+ sites in the Ca2BO3 Cl lattice and form two corresponding emission centres, respectively, which lead to the asymmetrical emission of Eu2+ in Ca2 BO 3 Cl. The emission intensity of Eu2+ in Ca2BO3 Cl is influenced by the Eu2+ doping concentration. Concentration quenching is discovered, and its mechanism is verified to be a dipole–dipole interaction. The value of the critical transfer distance is calculated to be 2.166 nm, which is in good agreement with the 2.120 nm value derived from the experimental data.     

一维有序ZnO纳米棒阵列的制备与表征

通过改进传统水热法的密闭、高压的条件,在非密闭、常压环境下在氧化铟锡玻璃衬底上自组装生长了取向高度一致并且分散性好的ZnO纳米棒阵列.首先将乙酸锌溶胶旋涂到氧化铟锡玻璃衬底上,经热处理得到致密的ZnO纳米晶薄膜,然后将其垂直放入前驱体溶液中通过化学溶液沉积生长得到ZnO纳米棒阵列.室温条件下,对样品进行了SEM和XRD的测试.表明生成的氧化锌纳米棒阵列沿c轴取向,实现了定向生长,且纳米棒结晶较好,为六方纤锌矿结构,直径约为40 nm,长度达到微米量级.室温下的吸收光谱表明,由此方法得到的纳米棒纯度较高,有强的紫外吸收.室温下,观测到了该有序ZnO纳米棒阵列在387 nm处强的窄带紫外发射,半高宽小于30 nm,在468 nm处还有一强度较弱的蓝光发射峰.     

水热合成稀土氟化物材料YLiF4：Yb，Tm的上转换发光特性

利用水热法合成了掺杂Tm^3 和Yb^3 的YL^3 材料，并研究了Tm^3 和Yb^3 在材料中的光吸收，以及980nm红外光激发下不同Tm^3 浓度掺杂下的上转换发光特性。实验发现，在980nm激光激发下，材料可发出可见光。上转换发光光谱中包括蓝光和红光。与蓝光相比，红光强度要弱1～2个数量级。上转换发光强度和浓度关系研究显示，当Tm^3 浓度为0．3％(摩尔分数)时上转换发光达到最强，大于0．3％(摩尔分数)后发光开始减弱。通过分析输出光强与泵浦功率的双对数曲线，发现Tm^3 的蓝光发射和红光发射均属于双光子过程。     

对硅片上自组装生长的Pentacene薄膜生长机制及其结晶相态的研究

采用热蒸发的方法在硅片衬底上自组装生长的Pentacene薄膜,薄膜在80℃温度下经2 h恒温真空热处理,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)对Pentacene薄膜表面形貌及其生长机制进行研究.结果得到,在硅片上生长的Pentacene薄膜足以台阶岛状结构生长,其岛状直径约为100 nm.且Pentacene分子以垂直于衬底的方向生长,台阶岛状结构中每个台阶的平均高度约为1.54 nnl·s-1,与Pentacene分子的沿长轴方向的长度相近.从Pentacene薄膜的XRD图谱中可以看出,薄膜在形成的过程中会因条件的不同而形成不同的结晶相,分别为薄膜相和三斜体相,且薄膜的结晶相将随着薄膜厚度的增加向三斜体相转变,其临界厚度为80和150 nm,当薄膜大于150 nm时,薄膜的三斜体相占主导地位,而当Pentacene薄膜的厚度小于80 nm时,Pentacene薄膜呈薄膜相存在.     

一种新型稀土配合物Eu(TTA)(2NH_2-Phen)_3的发光特性研究

合成了一种新型的稀土配合物Eu(TTA)(2NH_2-Phen)_3,将其作为掺杂物与基质聚乙烯基咔唑(PVK)按照不同质量比混合共溶,旋涂成膜.测量了混合薄膜的光致发光光谱,确认了所合成的Eu(TTA)(2NH_2H-Phen)_3具有发射荧光的能力,进而将其应用于电致发光器件中.还制备了以PVK:Eu(TTA)(2NH_2-Phen)_3为发光层,器件结构为ITO/PVK:Eu(TTA)(2NH_2-Phen)3/2,9-dimethy1-4,-diphenyl-1,10-plaenan thmline(BCP)/8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum(Alq_3)/Al的多层器件,得到了 Eu~(3+)的红色电敛发光.研究不同掺杂浓度时器件发光光谱的变化及PVK的发射光谱与Eu(TTA)(2NH_2-Phen)_3的吸收光谱的交叠情况,证明了混合薄膜中Eu~(3+)电致发光机理主要足载流子的直接俘获.     

磷光材料fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N，C2′)iridium(Ⅲ)对不同荧光材料的敏化作用及发光机制分析

在荧光材料中掺杂合适的磷光敏化剂,可以大大提高荧光有机电致发光器件(OLED)的效率。选择磷光材料知fac-tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C^2′)iridium(Ⅲ)(Ir(ppy)3)分别与荧光材料4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-t-butyl-6-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidyl-9-enyl(DCJTB)、5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene(Rubrene)掺杂作为发光层,当掺杂质量比合适时,磷光材料的发光消失,得到了纯正的荧光材料的发光。同时,对磷光材料的敏化作用及发光机制进行了分析,比较了Ir(ppy)3对两种不同荧光材料的敏化作用强弱,发现Ir(ppy)3对荧光材料Rubrene的敏化作用更强。对影响敏化作用的因素进行了分析,推测其原因与磷光材料和荧光材料的相容性质有关。     

利用瞬态电致发光方法研究有机电致发光器件内部电荷行为

利用自主搭建的瞬态电致发光测量系统,连续施加两个电压相同的矩形脉冲作为器件驱动电压并且两个矩形脉冲之间存在一定的时间间隔,通过测量器件的瞬态EL和瞬态电流,从而分析研究器件内部电荷存储行为和发光过程。之前的研究发现了m-MTDATA∶3TPYMB混合发光层是激基复合物的发光,并且发现了其较长延迟发光是因为空穴传输层和电子传输层内储存的电荷再复合造成的。制备了以m-MTDATA∶3TPYMB(1∶1)混合层作为发光层、m-MTDATA作为空穴传输层、3TPYMB作为电子传输层的一组器件,通过对器件瞬态EL的分析,发现在第二个脉冲驱动下器件的EL强度稳定值比第一驱动驱动下的EL强度稳定值大,且第二脉冲的EL强度稳定值与第一脉冲EL强度稳定值的比值随通过器件的电流增大而减小,实验还发现第二脉冲撤销时的延迟发光衰减速度要比第一脉冲撤销时的快,这是由于第二脉冲撤销时发光层内极化子(电荷)对激子的猝灭(TPQ)比较严重。