倾斜计算全息板标定补偿器误差EI北大核心CSCD

为了标定利用补偿器检测非球面的精度,提出采用倾斜计算全息法(CGH)校验补偿器,并将补偿器精度提高。介绍补偿器检测离轴非球面基本原理,同时结合工程实例,设计补偿器检测860 mm×600 mm的离轴高次非球面,通过加工与装配,仿真分析出装配后的补偿器精度为2.91 nm[均方根(RMS)值]。设计了利用倾斜式的计算全息板检测该补偿器的实验,并分析出利用该CGH校验补偿器的精度为1.79 nm(RMS值)。结果表明,受限于补偿器光学元件加工和组装精度,其检测精度未知,通过对补偿器误差进行检测与标定,可以确定利用该补偿器检测非球面的可行性并将其精度提高。     

High speed pseudorandom modulation fiber laser ranging system

A laser ranging system using all fiber high speed pseudorandom （PN） coded laser at 1550 nm and photon counting is proposed to realize high spatial resolution. Different lengths of PN code are employed in the optical fiber delay ranging test, the results show the improvement in both ranging accuracy and signal-tonoise ratio （SNR） as PN code trains increase. A ranging accuracy of 3 cm is acquired when transmitting pulses propagate to a target of 1.77 km away and received by an InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiode （APD）. Simulation is also carried out under space borne condition based on current system. The system is demonstrated to have a potential for remote ranging and imaging.     

Improved method for analyzing quasi-optical launchers

An improved method for analyzing the radiation characteristic of the quasi-optical launcher is presented. The launcher is decomposed into an open-ended waveguide and a helical cut according to the proposed method. The radiation from the open-ended waveguide is obtained by using the Stratton-Chu formulation. The helical cut＇s radiation is calculated based on its current distribution, gained by several iterative computations, which helps to improve the calculation accuracy since the diffraction effect introduced by the helical cut is considered during the calculation. The proposed method is used to study different launches, and the results are compared with the existing results. Good agreement is achieved between the results obtained from our proposed method and the reported results. The present results provide an alternative for analysis and synthesis of the optical-mode converter.     

Strong and broadband terahertz absorber using Si02-based metamaterial structure

We design and experimentally demonstrate a broadband metamaterial absorber in the terahertz （THz） band based on a periodic array of aluminum （A1） squares with two different sizes. A thin silicon dioxide （SiO2） film rather than a conventional polyimide （PI） layer is used as a dielectric spacer to separate A1 squares from the platinum （Pt） ground plane in our design, which significantly improves the design precision and the feasibility of the device fabrication. The combination of different sizes of AI squares gives rise to an absorption bandwidth of over 210 GHz with an absorption of over 90%. Our results also show that our device is almost polarization-insensitive. It works very well for all azimuthal angles with an absorption of beyond 80%.     

Physical analysis on improving the recovery accuracy of the Earth’s gravity field by a combination of satellite observations in along-track and cross-track directions

The physical investigations on the accuracy improvement to the measurement of the Earth＇s gravity field recovery are carried out based on the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation in this paper. Firstly, the Earth＇s gravity field complete up to degree and order 100 is, respectively, recovered by the collinear and pendulum satellite formations using the orbital parameters of the satellite and the matching accuracies of key payloads from the twin GRACE satellites. The research results show that the accuracy of the Earth＇s gravity field model from the Pendulum-A/B satellite formation is about two times higher than from the collinear satellite formation, and the further improvement of the determination accuracy of the Earth＇s gravity field model is feasible by the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation. Secondly, the Earth＇s gravity field from Pendulum-A/B complete up to degree and order 100 is accurately recovered based on the orbital parameters of the satellite （e.g., an orbital altitude of 400 km, an intersatellite range of 100 km, an orbital inclination of 89° and an orbital eccentricity of 0.001）, the matching accuracies of space- borne instruments （e.g. 10-6 m in the intersatellite range, 10-3 m in the orbital position, 10-6 m/s in orbital velocity, and 10-11 m/s2 in non-conservative force）, an observation time of 30 days and a sampling interval of 10 s. The measurement accuracy of the Earth＇s gravity field from the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation is full of promise for being improved by about l0 times compared with that from the current GRACE satellite formation. Finally, the physical requirements for the next-generation Pendulum-A/B out-of-plane twin-satellite formation are analyzed, and it is proposed that the satellite orbital altitude be preferably designed to be close to 400±50 km and the matching precision of key sensors from the Pendulum-A/B mission be about one order of magnitude higher tha     

小型连续变焦相机的结构实现

介绍了一种小型大变倍比变焦相机的主要技术参数,以及采用的变焦方法;详细描述了相机的组成结构,其中变倍和补偿透镜组通过滑架在主体内滑动,其运动轨迹取决于导钉在凸轮曲线槽内的运动状态;阐述了加工和装调过程中为保证相机设计质量而采取的精度保证措施,凸轮曲线槽与滚子的配合间隙应控制在6~9 μm,确保主体的刚度和圆柱度,变倍和补偿滑架在主体内滑动时的返回空回误差<2″,滑架直径D与滑架长度L之间的比值≥1。经高低温和振动试验后检测结果表明：在50 lp/mm空间频率下,相机光学传递函数>0.2,相机外景成像清晰,层次分明。     

奥普光电在大口径平面镜光学加工取得突破

正近日,中科院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所投资的奥普光电公司加工完成了直径为700mm的BZPMJ700标准平面镜。这标志着奥普公司在大口径平面镜光学加工技术上取得重大突破。该BZPMJ700标准平面镜由平面反射镜和精密二维支撑架两部分组成。面形精度为:PV=0.187λ、RMS=0.018λ、P     

整体最小二乘法在精同步中的应用

为了验证整体最小二乘法(TLS,Total Least Squares)比最小二乘法(LS,Least Squares)更适用于精同步,提出了基于整体最小二乘的精同步方法;该方法以PN码基于BPSK调制的同步模型为基础,在接收端得到鉴相曲线后,对鉴相曲线零值点附近的几个固定位置的数据点利用QR分解和奇异值分解的整体最小二乘法拟合出鉴相曲线,求出同步误差;最后通过在Matlab软件上的仿真,得出结论:在噪声环境下,整体最小二乘法在同步中的应用可以得到优于基于普通最小二乘法的同步法的测量精度和稳定性;特别是在信噪比较低的条件下,基于整体最小二乘的精同步测量精度提升了3倍多,同事稳定性提升5倍多。     

光学面形的轮带光学抛光方法研究

鉴于光学零件高陡度凹曲面的抛光是光学加工的一个难题,轮带光学确定性抛光方法是解决此类零件抛光的有效方法之一;提出轮带光学抛光技术的原理和方法。研究了轮带光学抛光方法修形的可行性,采用五轴精密数控机床系统对一块直径Ф80 mm的K9玻璃平面样镜进行了修形试验,经过3次迭代修形使其面形精度均方根误差(RMS)由初始的0109 λ提高到0028 λ,平均每次收敛率达到13。实验结果表明,应用轮带光学抛光技术进行光学镜面修形,面形收敛速度较快,加工精度较高。本实验验证了轮带光学抛光技术的修形能力,为高陡度光学零件的抛光提供了研究基础。     

场景自适应的跟踪特征选择机制研究

视频目标跟踪是当前计算机视觉领域中的一个关键问题。基于场景分类提出了一种视频目标特征的实时在线选择方法。离线时首先采用改进型的"空间金字塔匹配"算法完成先验视频场景的分类;然后采用不同的描述算法实现对目标和背景的特征描述,通过对数形式的方差比计算出目标和背景的特征距离;最后融合均值和熵值对特征距离进行统计分析,建立场景相关的描述子显著性排序。在此基础上,在线时利用初始帧完成测试视频的场景判定,结合当前场景下的描述子排序,实时选择最优特征,应用于粒子滤波跟踪系统,在公开视频库上进行跟踪测试,验证排序的正确性和选择机制的必要性。