高频聚焦超声声场和温度场的仿真研究

为探究临床常用的7 MHz高频聚焦超声在多层生物组织中的声传播以及毫秒级时间内的生物传热规律问题,基于Westervelt方程和Pennes传热方程,使用有限元方法建立高频聚焦超声辐照多层组织的非线性热黏性声传播及传热模型。首先分析了线性模型和非线性模型之间的差异,然后在非线性模型下探究换能器的参数对声场和温度场的影响。仿真结果显示：在7 MHz频率下,当换能器输出声功率超过5 W时,声波传播的非线性效应不可忽视(p <0.05);当声功率从5 W增大到15 W时,非线性模型与线性模型预测的温度偏差从20%增加到34.703%;高频聚焦超声波的非线性行为比低频更加显著,基频能量向高次谐波转移的程度增大,声功率为10 W和15 W时4次谐波与基波之比分别达到7.33%和12.12%;高频换能器参数的改变对组织中声场和温度场分布的影响较大,换能器焦距从12 mm减小到11.2 mm,焦点处最高温度增加了77%。结果表明,7 MHz聚焦超声的非线性声传播需要考虑到4次谐波的影响。该文提出的多层组织非线性仿真模型可为高频聚焦超声换能器参数优化及制定安全、有效的术前治疗方案提供理论参考。     

周期性声学栅对声子晶体相空间的调控研究

基于周期性声学栅修饰的二维声子晶体,本文从理论上计算其能带结构、等频率色散线,详细讨论引入周期性声学栅后晶体相空间的各种改变.计算结果表明:周期性声学栅的引入能够灵活调制声子晶体的色散关系,更加有效地利用晶体中存在的各种模式,由此可以实现一些较为新颖的声波人工操控.     

大规模声学边界元法的GPU并行计算

提出一种大规模声学边界元法的高效率、高精度GPU并行计算方法.基于Burton-Miller边界积分方程,推导适于GPU的并行计算格式并实现了传统边界元法的GPU加速算法.为提高原型算法的效率,研究GPU数据缓存优化方法.由于GPU的双精度浮点运算能力较低,为了降低数值误差,研究基于单精度浮点运算实现的doublesingle精度算法.数值算例表明,改进的算法实现了最高89.8%的GPU使用效率,且数值精度与直接使用双精度数相当,而计算时间仅为其1/28,显存消耗也仅为其一半.该方法可在普通PC机(8GB内存,NVIDIA Ge Force 660 Ti显卡)上快速完成自由度超过300万的大规模声学边界元分析,计算速度和内存消耗均优于快速边界元法.     

从学业要求看物理课程跨学科实践的育人价值

培养学生物理学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现,也是物理教学要达到的根本目的.《义务教育物理课程标准(2022年版)》将“跨学科实践”列为一级主题,并把“跨学科实践”作为培养学生物理核心素养的新途径.通过将新课标中跨学科实践部分的“学业要求”内容与核心素养内涵对应比较,可以说明跨学科实践如何在培养学生核心素养方面发挥作用.并在此基础上,为跨学科实践教学达成学业要求提出建议.     

基于声学超材料的低频可调吸收器

在当今社会,噪声污染已经成为人类健康的一大威胁,如何有效地控制和消除噪声污染一直是科研领域的一个重要话题.本文以开口环嵌套结构为模型,设计并制备了一种声学超材料.通过理论分析、数值模拟和实验测试,发现由于模型内部空腔的强烈耦合共振效应,该超材料可以在低频区域实现接近完美的吸声效应.此外,通过简单地绕轴旋转其内腔开口方向,即可改变该超材料的相对阻抗值,进而在较宽的频带范围内实现对吸收峰位置的可调控制.由于该超材料具有深亚波长的尺寸,因此非常有利于低频吸声器件的小型化和集成化,同时该模型也为宽带吸收器的设计奠定了基础.     

一种低声速沉积层海底参数声学反演方法

软泥底环境下沉积层参数的声学反演是国际水声领域的一个研究热点.浅海中,当高声速基底和海水之间存在一层低声速(小于海水声速)的沉积层时,小掠射角情况下不同频率声传播损失会出现周期性增大现象.基于此现象,提出一种适用于低声速沉积层的海底参数声学反演方法.首先,推导给出小掠射角情况下传播损失周期增大的频率间隔与沉积层声速、厚度及近海底海水声速之间的解析表达式;其次,利用一次黄海实验中软泥底环境下的宽带声传播信号,提取了小掠射角下传播损失增大的频率周期;再次,把该解析表达式作为约束条件,结合Hamilton密度与声速的经验公式,采用匹配场处理反演给出沉积层的声速、密度、厚度及基底的声速、密度;然后,利用声传播损失数据反演得到泥底环境下不同频率的声衰减系数,通过拟合发现泥底声衰减系数随频率近似呈线性关系;最后,给出了双层海底模型和半无限大海底模型等效性的讨论.反演结果为低声速沉积层海底声传播规律研究与应用提供了海底声学参数.     

简谈普适气体常量R——贯穿普化教育的重要常量

The universal gas constant R is an important constant in physics, and one of the vital fundamental constant throughout the teaching of general chemistry. This article aims to present a general review about the universal gas constant to the science and engineering majored students, including its history, determination, physical meaning and applications in chemical education. The choice of R values under various conditions is also provided to help students better understand and master basic concepts.     

考虑任意阻抗壁面条件管腔结构声场特性分析

针对任意阻抗壁面条件一维管腔声学系统建模,对系统动力学特性进行预报。为了满足阻抗边界条件对声压一阶导数连续性要求,管腔声压函数通过在标准傅里叶级数端点位置引入边界光滑辅助多项式进行构建。结合壁面阻抗声学边界和管腔声学Helmholtz控制微分方程得到强形式标准特征值问题,获得相应的声学模态信息。在数值仿真中,通过算例给出各种边界条件下管腔声学模态频率、声压振型、声压和质点振速频率响应曲线,与现有文献中相关结果进行对比,充分验证了本文求解方法的正确性和有效性,证明该方法可对任意阻抗壁面条件管腔系统声学特性进行准确预报。     

Investigation on Rijke pipe＇s acoustic characteristics by numerical simulation： modeling the pulsing flow field coupled the inner of pipe with its outer space

Based on the results of fluid dynamics, heat transfer and acoustics, a Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） method was utilized to study the acoustic characteristics and self-excited pulsation mechanism inside a Rijke pipe. To avoid settling the irrational boundary conditions of the finite-amplitude standing wave in the Rijke thermo-acoustic system, the simulation modeling in the flow field, which coupled the inner of pipe with its outer space, was carried out to replace the traditional way in form of internal flow field numerical investigations. A hypothesis for heat source in energy equation including the relationship on unsteady heat of air around heat source, oscillation pressure and oscillation velocity was presented. To reflect the essence of Rijke pipe, simulation on self-excited oscillation was conducted by means of its own pulsation of pressure, velocity and temperature. This method can make the convergence process steady and effectively avoid divergence. The physical phenomenon of the self-excited Rijke pipe was analyzed. Moreover, the mechanisms on the Rijke pipe＇s self-excited oscillation were explained. Based on this method, comparative researches on the acoustic characteristic of the Rijke pipe with different size and different shape of nozzle were performed. The simulation results agreed with the experimental data satisfactorily. The results show that this numerical simulation can be used to study the sound pressure of nozzle for the engineering application of Rijke pipes.     

Synergistic effects on iodine release in potassium iodide solution by combination of ultrasound and visible light irradiations

Iodine release in potassium iodide solution has been investigated under the irradiations of ultrasound and visible light respectively and simultaneously. We have observed that the amount of iodine liberated under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and visible light is larger than the sum of that under the respective irradiations of ultrasound and visible light, indicating a synergistic effect of ultrasound and visible light irradiations. Based on the investigation of the reaction kinetics of iodine liberated, we have ascribed the synergistic effect to the perfect stirring of the photochemical reactor induced by the applying simultaneous ultrasound. The ideal stirring can result in the homogenization of the primary light effect in the whole reaction medium, which induces the acceleration of the photochemical reaction. On behavior of our knowledge, there are few reports on the investigations of utilizing the combination of ultrasonic energy and light energy to accelerate the reaction yield and rate as well as the kinetics of the reaction.