营养缺陷型酿酒酵母AY生长代谢的热动力学研究

用微量热法研究了尿嘧啶缺陷型酿酒酵母AY,和该菌株分别经穿梭质粒pYLZ-2、重组质粒pYLZ-2/f27、pYLZ-2/622转化的3种菌株的生长代谢热动力学.尿嘧啶缺陷型酿酒酵母AY在基本培养基中不生长,没有代谢热效应产生,而在葡萄糖蛋白胨培养基和丰富营养培养基(YPD)中生长,并且在YPD中生长最好;向基本培养基中加入尿嘧啶后,AY能够生长,而且随着尿嘧啶浓度的增加,其生长速率常数增大;经质粒转化的3个菌株均能在基本培养基中生长,代谢产热曲线各不相同,与转入质粒的结构、功能密切相关.研究结果表明了各菌株遗传特征的差异.     

细菌最佳生长的热化学研究

细菌最佳生长的热化学研究刘义，冯英，谢昌礼，屈松生，冯长健，乐芝凤（武汉大学化学系武汉４３００７２）（华中师范大学化学系武汉）关键词　细菌最佳生长温度，席夫碱，热化学，微量热法用微量热法研究细菌生长代谢过程已有大量报道［１～４］，可求出细菌生长的速率...     

Study on Syntheses and Anti-bacterial Activities of Some New Transition Metal Complexes with Schiff Base Ligand Containing Pyridine and Amide Moieties

Several new transition metal complexes using Schiff base containing pyridine and amide moieties (N, N′-bis(β-salicylaliminoethyl)-2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic amide, H4L) as the ligand have been prepared. Their compositions and structures are corroborated by elemental analysis, IR, UV, ^1H NMR, DTA-TG and molar conductivity data.Their anti-bacterial activities have been studied by microcalorimetry. The result shows that the ligand and all complexes are potential anti-bacteria reagent and their inhibitory capacities are concentration-depended. The Mn complex has the strongest inhibitory capacity.     

Microcalorimetric Studies on Gene Promoter Function of Cloned DNA Fragements from Halobacterium halobium J7 Plasmid pHH205 in Escherichia coli TG1

Halobacterium halobium is a typical kind of extremely halophilic bacterium. Combined with the antibiotic resistance assay, the microcalorimetric method was used to study the promoter function of the cloned DNA fragments from Halobacterium halobium J7 plasmid pHH205 in Escherichia coli TG1. The promoter probe vector, plasmid pKK232-8, was used to form the recombinants. The DNA fragment, which is the promoter for the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase （CAT） gene in plasmid pKK232-8, is about 800 bp, and the chloramphenicol resistance level presented by IC50 is about 200 μg·mL^-1, which suggests a high promoter activity. The conclusions show that there probably exist double-function or trinary-function gene promoters in Halobacterium halobium, and Archaea may contain rich genetic resources.     

生命体系与“熵”

阐述了熵对生命体系进行物质、能量、信息交换与交流所起的支柱性作用。运用熵理论描述了生命体系在非平衡条件下的有序现象。从宏观上描述了熵与病理学、遗传学、药物学、细胞学的关系 ;从微观上阐述了熵与细胞恶变的联系及其在抗癌机制中的应用。阐明了熵理论在研究人类的健康和治疗各种疾病中举足轻重的地位     

细胞不同代谢类型的量热学研究 I.静息细胞有氧非生长代谢特征

The metabolic heat output of resting cells (Saccharobacter fermentatus WVB8512) has been determined by means of microcalorimetric method. The metabolic thermokinetic equation is
dp/dt=k0,k0=0
The thermochemical equations are
lntm=10.1812-6.5492×10-9C
dC/dP0=KCn n=2
The order of metabolism (n) is 2. The experimental results indicate that the heat output produced by each cell and the metabolic time depend on cell concentration and are inhibited by cell density. The metabolism presents a special kind of special inhibition effect.     

细胞动力学研究VI. 厌氧菌生长过程热化学特征

用LKB2277生物活性检测系统测定了三种厌氧菌---吉氏类杆菌、艰难梭状芽胞杆菌、黑色消化球菌的生长发热功率曲线。根据广义logistic方程, 建立了细菌生长过程的热动力学方程:ln[P/(Pm-P)^v^+^1]=ln[P0/(Pm-P0)^v^+^1]+k.t。由此热动力学方程, 求得了细菌的生长常数k, 根据Arrhenius公式求得吉氏菌的生长活化能Ea=59.7kj/mol, 应用过渡态理论得到吉氏菌在不同温度下的活化力学参数, 这个热动力学方程描述的是一系列不规则的细菌生长过程发热曲线, 将它与经典的指数模型和logistic模型进行比较, 它具有更广泛的适用性。     

Action of the Selenomorpholine Compounds on the Bacterium Growth by Microcalorimetry

The action of β-(N-selenomorpholine) ethyl phenyl ketone hydrochloride and 4-(N-selenomorpholine)-2-butanone hydro-chloride on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was studied by microcalorimetry,Differences in their capacities to affect the metabolism of this bacterium were observed.The kinetics shows that the selenomorpholine compounds had action on the metabolism process of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.The rate constant (k) of the studied bacterium in the presence of the drugs are concentration-dependant.The growth rate constants decrease with an increase in the mass of the selenomorpholine compounds ,but their relationship is different.As deduced from the rate constant(k) of the studied bacterium(in log phase )and the half inhibitory concentration (IC50),the experimental results reveal that the studied selenomorpholine compounds all have good antibiotic activity and better antibacterial activity on Staphylcoccus aureus than on Escherichia coli.     

微量热法研究氰化物对鲤鱼肝线粒体代谢的影响

A microcalorimetric technique based on the metabolic heat-output was explored to evaluate the inhibition of cyanide on the mitochondrial metabolism of aquatic animal, Cyprinus carpio. The power-time curves could be divided into four parts： lag phase, active recovery phase, stationary phase, and decline phase, and the corresponding thermokinetic parameters were obtained. The maximum heat production rate Pmax decreased in a linear manner with the increase of concentration of cyanide, however, such mitochondria of aquatic animal were still metabolized actively even under the action of high concentration of cyanide. All the observations suggested that the mitochondria of this aquatic animal should exhibit considerable ability of cyanide-resistant respiration.     

Microcalorimetric Study of the Action of Yb^3＋ ion on the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus

A microcalorimetric method was used to evaluate the action of Yb^3 ions onthe growth metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus.The power-time curves of the growth metabolism of Staphylo.coccus aureus and the action of Yb^3 ions were obtained by us-ing stopped-flow method at 37 ℃. For evaluation of the action,the growth rate constants ( k1 and k2) for the log phase 1, log phase 2, and the total heat effect (Qtotal) for Staphylococcus aureus were determined. The results show that Yb^3 ions at low concentrations have the stimnlatory effect on Staphylococcus au-reus and that Yb^3 ions at higher concentration could inhibit its growth.