光谱成像技术在海上目标探测识别中的应用探讨

光谱成像可同时获得光谱和空间信息,这使得光谱成像技术在解决复杂海洋环境背景下目标探测与识别时表现出独特的优势,已成为光电目标检测领域的一个前沿研究方向。对光谱成像技术的原理、特点进行了讨论并重点列举了该技术在探测领域的应用;介绍了光谱成像技术在海上目标探测识别中的研究进展,并对光谱成像技术在该领域的应用价值进行了探讨。     

Au25纳米团簇合成与应用研究进展

综述了新型金属纳米材料Au25纳米团簇的合成机理和合成工艺改进,结合Au纳米团簇荧光作用机理说明其特有的荧光特性,利用Au纳米团簇荧光性质在离子检测、生物小分子检测、蛋白质检测和生物成像方面的应用,为Au纳米团簇的研究提供参考。     

Comparison of criteria used to access carcinogenicity in CPANN QSAR models versus the knowledge-based expert system Toxtree

The primary goal of this study was to describe and compare the criteria used to assess carcinogenic activity. The statistically-based predictive quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models based on the counter propagation artificial neural network (CPANN) algorithm, and knowledge-based expert systems based on a decision tree structural alert (SA) approach (Toxtree application), were considered. The integration of the QSAR (CPANN models) and SAR (Toxtree SA application) approach contributed to the mechanistic understanding of the QSAR model considered. The mapping technique inherent to CPANN Kohonen enables us to relate the similarities or dissimilarities within a congeneric set of chemicals with particular SAs for carcinogenicity. The focus of our investigations was the similarities and dissimilarities of the features used in the QSAR and SAR methods. Due to the complexity of the carcinogenic endpoint, the integration of different approaches allows the models to be improved and provides a valuable technique for evaluating the safety of chemicals.     

免疫胶体金技术的应用与展望

免疫胶体金技术是一种新型固相标记免疫检测技术,因其独特的性质在许多领域得到广泛应用和快速发展。简述了免疫胶体金技术在电镜、光镜快速检测诊断中的发展以及在生物医学、免疫组织化学和细胞生物学等领域的研究和应用。未来免疫胶体金技术在提高胶体金制备质量的同时将实现定量和多元化检测。     

Nanoperlite effect on thermal,rheological, surface and cellular properties of poly lactic acid/nanoperlite nanocomposites for multipurpose applications

In this study, poly lactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposites containing perlite nanoparticles were prepared by melt mixing method. Various characterization techniques were employed to evaluate the performance PLA/nanoperlite nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were characterized via FTIR to investigate the functional groups and chemical structure of the nanocomposites. Thermal properties of the nanocomposites, examined by DSC, showed that the increase of nano-perlite content in the PLA matrix reduces the crystallinity and melting temperature of the nanocomposites. The rheological studies indicated that both of storage and loss modulus are increased when the nanoperlite is added up to 5 wt%. However, the modulus is reduced in samples containing more than 5 wt% nanoparticle due to their agglomeration. The in-vitro degradation studies of the nanocomposites at elevated and normal temperatures showed hydrolytic degradation around 13–15 months. The surface behavior results implied that the water contact angle values exhibit a reducing trend when the nanoperlite content increases up to 3 wt%, which can be related to the decreased crystallinity of PLA and also to the hydrophilic nature of perlite. Moreover, the adhesion of osteoblast cells and their viability on an electrospun scaffold, made of optimized sample, showed the initial implications of potential applications of the nanocomposites in bone regeneration and biomedical applications. These multipurpose nanocomposites can also be used for packaging applications.     

肽基超分子胶体

肽基超分子胶体是基于肽分子间超分子作用,自发形成且具有有序分子排布及规整结构,兼具传统胶体及超分子特性的组装体系。利用超分子弱相互作用构筑功能性胶体,不仅是人们对生命组装进程深入理解的有效手段,也是实现优异的超分子材料的重要途径。肽分子具有组成明确、性能可调、生物安全性高及可降解等优势,是超分子化学、胶体与界面化学领域重要的组装基元。基于肽的超分子自组装,能够实现多尺度、多功能的生物胶体的构筑,被广泛应用于医药、催化、能源等领域。如何通过对肽序列的设计及分子间作用力的调控,实现对胶体结构和功能的精确控制,是近年来研究的重要课题之一。从分子尺度研究和揭示超分子胶体的组装过程及物理化学机制,探究胶体结构与功能的关系,是实现超分子结构和功能化的重要内容。本文基于"分子间作用的调控"及"结构与功能的关系"两个基本科学问题,系统地综述了肽基超分子胶体的组装机制、结构与功能,以及研究现状。     

二次电池用局部高浓度电解质的研究进展与展望

电解质作为二次电池离子传导的重要介质,对于提升二次电池循环稳定性能、安全性能等方面起着至关重要的作用.局部高浓度电解质是指在高浓度电解质中加入“稀释剂”,形成盐的局部高浓度状态,既能兼具高浓度电解质的优异特性,又具有低成本和优良润湿性的特点,应用前景非常广阔.近几年,局部高浓度电解质在阻燃锂金属电池、高电压锂电池、低温锂电池、锂硫电池和钠电池等多方面应用广泛,且展现出非常好的使用效果.本综述重点从局部高浓度电解质的功能性应用角度出发,详细阐述了局部高浓度电解质的类型、制备、作用机理及其在不同二次电池中的功能性应用进展和主要研究现状,文末还对局部高浓度电解质的未来可能发展趋势进行了分析与展望.     

驱动问题引领下的核心反应在生产实际中的应用复习教学——以“铁和硫酸铜溶液的反应”为例

以铁和硫酸铜溶液的反应在“湿法炼铜”生产实际中的应用复习教学为例,针对学生能力的薄弱点,围绕核心反应搜集丰富的素材,引导学生模拟体会具体反应应用于生产实际时需考虑的问题,以问题解决为线索,达到促进学生发展的目的。     

案例教学与翻转学习结合提升物理化学教学质量

结合我校应用型人才培养方案和培养目标,通过改革物理化学课堂教学提高学生知识掌握能力和应用能力。在传统课堂的基础上,将案例教学结合在翻转学习的教学过程中,充分提高学生的学习积极性与主动性。以稀溶液的依数性为教学案例,阐述翻转学习与案例教学的实施过程。学生深度参与课堂、融入课堂并互动,师生之间在教学中达到共鸣,实现教学相长,从而提高物理化学教学质量。     

再谈磷的同素异形体*——磷纳米材料和磷烯

依据磷化学的研究进展全面考察了磷的另一类同素异形体,包括磷纳米材料类和磷烯,它们都是结构特殊的先进材料。详细介绍了它们的制备、组成、结构、性质及其重要应用。