气固稀相流中颗粒沉积和聚集的分子动力学模拟

本文在分子动力学模拟基础上采用了考虑黏附作用的JKR理论取代传统Hertz理论作为颗粒间作用力,并吸取了DEM中滑动摩擦、滚动摩擦和扭动摩擦的思想建立一种细颗粒碰撞和团聚过程的多时间尺度粒子动力学模拟方法.成功地实现了颗粒在纤维上沉积过程的模拟,结果表明微米颗粒的Van der Waala力量纲约是曳力2～10倍,中心流线附近颗粒更易于在纤维上沉积,初始沉积的颗粒则会在纤维上形成"遮挡"效应.     

An element agglomeration nonlinear additive Schwarz preconditioned Newton method for unstructured finite element problems

This paper extends previous results on nonlinear Schwarz preconditioning (Cai and Keyes 2002) to unstructured finite element elliptic problems exploiting now nonlocal (but small) subspaces. The nonlocal finite element subspaces are associated with subdomains obtained from a non-overlapping element partitioning of the original set of elements and are coarse outside the prescribed element subdomain. The coarsening is based on a modification of the agglomeration based AMGe method proposed in Jones and Vassilevski 2001. Then, the algebraic construction from Jones, Vassilevski and Woodward 2003 of the corresponding non-linear finite element subproblems is applied to generate the subspace based nonlinear preconditioner. The overall nonlinearly preconditioned problem is solved by an inexact Newton method. A numerical illustration is also provided.This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory: contract/grant number: W-7405-Eng-48. The contribution of the second author was also partially supported by Polish Scientific Grant 2/P03A/005/24.     

产业集群的分形结构—基于演化的观点

以宏观的视角来研究企业的地理分布,并在地理空间与社会网络结构的基础上建立一个产业集群模型;该模型显示出产业集群的分形结构进而揭示出产业集群是一种自组织系统,即在生产交易过程中自发形成有序的结构或状态的现象.根据该模型,运输成本或者禀赋只是形成产业集群的所有充分条件中的一个;影响产业集群的最重要指标是关系网络空间的分形维度,它显示了经济系统的层次结构性.网络密度很大的集群的关系网络可能是接近紊乱的,即分形维度接近于零;而紊乱将会导致这个集群效益下降,甚至促使集群崩溃.     

非均相沉淀法制备的Sr3-xSi1-xAlxO5∶xCe3+ 荧光粉及其发光性能

采用非均相沉淀法制备了Sr_3-xSi_1-xAl_xO₅∶xCe³⁺荧光粉,并与高温固相法制备的该荧光粉进行了对比。以XRD、SEM和荧光光谱分析来表征所制备的荧光粉。结果表明,非均相沉淀法比高温固相反应法制备的荧光粉相纯度更高,颗粒分布更窄,晶面清晰,团聚程度小,相对发光强度也更高。荧光粉的激发光谱为270~500 nm的双峰宽带,最强激发峰位于417 nm处。发射光谱为450~700 nm的单峰宽带,峰值位于525 nm处。电荷补偿剂对荧光粉相对发光强度影响较大,外加Al³⁺置换Si⁴⁺作为电荷补偿剂比外加Li⁺置换Sr²⁺的效果更好。     

团聚效应对基于CdSe/ZnS量子点的电致发光二极管性能的影响

通过旋涂含有CdSe/ZnS量子点(Quantum dot,QD)的溶液为发光层薄膜,制备了叠层结构的电致发光二极管,利用原子力显微镜研究了QD发光亮度、薄膜形貌与其工艺条件、参数的关系。研究结果表明:随QD厚度的增加,QD纳米粒子薄膜由单层向多层薄膜形成,QD纳米颗粒发生团聚现象,并使器件亮度降低。此外,退火温度对QD薄膜形貌及其发光强度影响很大:当退火温度高于150 ℃时,产生的热量也会造成QD纳米粒子团聚,并导致QLED器件发光性能下降。     

Determination of reactive crystallization kinetics of 5‐(difluromethoxy)‐2‐mercapto‐1H‐benzimidazole in a batch crystallizer

5‐(difluromethoxy)‐2‐mercapto‐1H‐benzimidazole (DMB) was crystallized via the reaction between sodium salt of DMB and acetic acid. In this work, we firstly measured the solubility data of DMB in binary ethanol‐water mixture at different temperatures. Then, the reactive crystallization kinetics of DMB was determined in the batch crystallizer. Based on the population balance and mass balance, the kinetics model of reactive crystallization process of DMB was established. And the nucleation rate, size‐independent crystal growth and agglomeration kernel were determined by method of classes. Finally, based on the population balance, numeric simulation was done using the above crystallization kinetics in order to verify its reliability.     

NIR studies of the surface modification in silica fillers

Methods of estimating the degree of condensation of the surface silanol groups of silica due to its modification by silane coupling agents are reported.Also, a procedure for estimating the surface silanol groups for the pre- and post-modified silicas for the NIR 7326 cm^–1 band is given.Using electron microscope studies and heats of immersion of silica surfaces, the silane effect on agglomeration of silica particles and, thus, on the physicochemical properties of its surface has been demonstrated.     

Field dependence of liquid-crystalline phase in liquid-crystal and carbon nanotubes composite

Due to their exceptional properties, liquid crystals are useful for a wide range of applications. As reported in the literature, a slight dispersion of liquid crystals with carbon nanotubes has a detectable effect on the liquid-crystal properties making them appropriate for various applications. The present work reports a new application of these composites disclosing a process of transformation of commercially available high-temperature liquid crystals into low-temperature liquid crystals. This is accomplished by using high concentration of carbon nanotubes in liquid-crystal materials wherein the carbon nanotubes form cluster inside the liquid-crystal cells. The application of bias on these heavily doped samples resulted in the appearance of liquid-crystal phases at room temperature which, in the case of pure liquid crystals, were observable only at high temperature. The process is reversible and hence phase change can be controlled by external field.     

金融集聚对文化产出效率的影响——以技术进步为门槛

运用2007-2013年省际面板数据,采用汉森的门槛模型,以技术进步为门槛变量,探讨了金融集聚对文化产出效率的影响.实证表明:金融集聚对文化产出效率的影响程度受到技术进步水平的影响,在不同的技术进步门槛区间金融集聚对文化产出效率的估计系数不同.因此在制定文化产业政策时,要充分考虑各地特殊情况,采取与本地技术进步水平相适宜的政策.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and magnetic property of magnetite and hematite nanoparticles

Nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe₃O₄) and hematite (α-Fe₂O₃) have been prepared by a simple microwave heating method using FeCl₃, polyethylene glycol and N₂H₄·H₂O. The amount of N₂H₄·H₂O has an effect on the final phase of Fe₃O₄. The morphology of α-Fe₂O₃ was affected by the heating method. Crystalline α-Fe₂O₃ agglomerates were formed immediately at room temperature and most of these nanoparticles within agglomerates show the same orientation along [110] direction. After microwave heating, ellipsoidal α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were formed following an oriented attachment mechanism. Both Fe₃O₄ and α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibit a small hysteresis loop at room temperature.