Electron beam density study using a portable slit imaging system at the Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap

In this work,a portable slit imaging system is developed to study both the electron beam diameter and the profile of the newly developed Shanghai Electron Beam Ion Trap (Shanghai EBIT).Images are detected by a charge coupled device (CCD) sensitive to both X rays and longer wavelength photons (up to visible).Large scale ray tracings were conducted for correcting the image broadening effects caused by the finite slit width and the finite width of the CCD pixels.A numerical de-convolution method was developed to analyse and reconstruct the electron beam density distribution in the EBIT.As an example of the measured beam diameter and current density,the FWHM (full width at half maximum) diameter of the electron beam at 81 keV and 120 mA is found to be 76.2 μm and the density 2.00 × 10 3 A·cm 2,under a magnetic field of 3 T,including all corrections.     

Characteristics of photonic nanojets from two-layer dielectric hemisphere

The properties of the photonic nanojet generated by a two-layer dielectric microsphere are studied. Simulation results indicate that this novel structure can generate a photonic nanojet outside its volume when the refractive index contrast relative to the background medium is higher than 2:1 in the condition of plane wave incidence. When the refractive index is smaller than 2, we show that an ultralong nanojet generated by the two-layer hemisphere has an extension of 28.2 wavelengths, and compared with the homogeneous dielectric hemisphere, it has superior performance in jet length and focal distance. Its dependence on the configuration and refractive index is investigated numerically. According to the simulation of the two-layer dielectric microsphere, a photonic nanojet with a full width at half maximum(FWHM) less than 1/2 wavelength is obtained and the tunable behaviors of the photonic nanojet are demonstrated by changing the reflective indices of the material or radius contrast ratio.     

水汽吸收对基于宽带腔增强吸收光谱的NO3自由基测量的影响

非相干宽带腔增强吸收光谱(IBBCEAS)技术凭借其高选择性、高灵敏度、高时空分辨率等优势而逐渐成为NO_3自由基的主要测量方法之一。然而其使用的光谱仪分辨率有限,不足以分辨水汽的精细吸收结构,导致水汽的吸收非线性,进而影响NO_3自由基浓度的准确反演。介绍了一种基于插值法获取水汽有效吸收截面的方法,并将其用于消除IBBCEAS装置中水汽吸收对NO_3自由基浓度反演的干扰。利用不同浓度的水汽吸收谱结合插值法获得了水汽的有效吸收截面,使用该有效吸收截面来反演不同浓度的水汽,反演结果与商用湿度计测量结果的线性相关系数为0.99789。在此基础上测量并拟合了不同水汽浓度下NO_3自由基和NO_2气体的吸收,在拟合残差上未发现水汽残余结构,水汽反演结果与商用湿度计测量值的线性相关系数为0.999。在30 s的积分时间内,NO_3自由基和NO_2的探测极限分别为5.8×10~(-12)和3.6×10~(-9)。将本装置应用于夜间大气中进行NO_3自由基和NO_2浓度的测量,测得NO_3自由基体积分数为18.4×10~(-12)～22.9×10~(-12),平均体积分数为20.2×10~(-12),NO_2体积分数为0.6×10~(-9)～16.0×10~(-9),平均体积分数为9.9×10~(-9)。实验结果表明:利用插值法获得的水汽的有效吸收截面能够有效消除水汽吸收对NO_3自由基浓度反演的干扰,提高NO_3自由基和NO_2气体浓度测量的准确度。     

4.4 μm中红外激光外差光谱探测技术研究

在国内首次报道以窄线宽的4.4 μm外腔量子级联激光(QCL)作为本地振荡光源,黑体作为辐射光源的激光外差光谱实验装置的建立和测量工作。激光外差光谱是一种高灵敏度的光谱探测技术,并可以用于发展一种小型的光谱探测系统,进行地基或星载的地球大气或天文观测。介绍了激光外差的基本理论、装置的建立和实验测量工作。此激光外差光谱实验装置采用4.4 μm外腔量子级联激光,出光功率高达180 mW,在4.38～4.52 μm间连续可调,具有很宽的光谱调谐范围,能实现CO₂,CO和N₂O等大气重要分子的同时测量。通过开展不同压力下CO₂气体的激光外差光谱测量,对激光外差光谱实验装置的性能进行了评估。目前该激光外差系统的信噪比达到86,低于散粒噪声极限条件的理论计算值287,系统的光谱分辨率约为0.007 8 cm-1,能满足较窄线宽条件下的高分辨率激光外差光谱的测量。分析结果表明,中红外激光外差光谱系统具有很高的瞬态信噪比及光谱分辨率,在高精度测量大气温室气体的柱浓度和温室气体垂直廓线分布方面具有广阔的应用前景。