Design, Fabrication and Measurement of Ni/Ti Multilayer Used for Neutron Monochromator

Ni/Ti multilayers, which can be used for neutron monochromators, are designed, fabricated and measured. Firstly, their reflectivities are simulated based on the Nevot-Croce model. Reflectivities of two Ni/Ti multilayer mirrors with periods d = 10.3 nm （M1） and d = 7.8 nm （M2） are calculated. In the calculation, the reflectivity of the Ni/Ti multilayer is taken as a function of the gazing angle with different roughness factors δ =1.0 nm and = 1.5 nm. Secondly, these two multilayers are fabricated by the direct current magnetron sputtering technology. Thirdly their structures are characterized by small-angle x-ray diffraction. The roughness factors are fitted to be 0.68 nm and 1.16nm for M1 and M2, respectively. Finally their reflective performances are measured on the V14 neutron beam line at the Berlin Neutron Scattering Centre （BENSC）, Germany. The experimental data show that the grazing angle of the reflected neutron intensity peak increases, but the reflected neutron intensity decreases, with the decreasing periods of the multilayers.     

A method of solving the stiffness problem in Biot＇s poroelastic equations using a staggered high-order finite-difference

In modelling elastic wave propagation in a porous medium, when the ratio between the fluid viscosity and the medium permeability is comparatively large, the stiffness problem of Blot＇s poroelastic equations will be encountered. In the paper, a partition method is developed to solve the stiffness problem with a staggered high-order finite-difference. The method splits the Biot equations into two systems. One is stiff, and solved analytically, the other is nonstiff, and solved numerically by using a high-order staggered-grid finite-difference scheme. The time step is determined by the staggered finite-difference algorithm in solving the nonstiff equations, thus a coarse time step may be employed. Therefore, the computation efficiency and computational stability are improved greatly. Also a perfect by matched layer technology is used in the split method as absorbing boundary conditions. The numerical results are compared with the analytical results and those obtained from the conventional staggered-grid finite-difference method in a homogeneous model, respectively. They are in good agreement with each other. Finally, a slightly more complex model is investigated and compared with related equivalent model to illustrate the good performance of the staggered-grid finite-difference scheme in the partition method.     

CO2激光干涉检验轮胎面面形及双曲率半径

轮胎面属于高次非球面,不同于二次回转球面,在光学系统中具有独特重要的用途,但至今无有效的面形检验方法.本文用自行研制的移相式CO₂激光(λ=10.6μm)球波面干涉仪,检验双曲率半径之差为亚毫米量级的轮胎面面形;文中分析了测试原理,给出了测试实例的移相干涉图、双曲率半径测量值及面形波差三维立体图,并分析了测试误差.     

计入次近邻作用的─维点阵的定＂长＂比热

计算了计入次近邻相互作用后一维点阵在低温下的定＂长＂比热,结果表明次近邻的影响使比热减小．比热;次近邻作用     

新型树形化合物1,3,5-三-[7-(7-甲基-2,2-二-(2,2-二羟甲基-3-羟基丙氧基羰基)-6,8-二氧杂螺[3.5]-壬基)]苯的合成

以丙酮和甲酸乙酯为原料, 在醇钠的作用下合成了1,3,5-三乙酰基苯(1). 1与二溴新戊二醇在酸的作用下发生缩酮化反应, 制成1,3,5-三-(1-甲基-2,6-二氧杂-4,4-二溴甲基环己基)苯(2). 2与5,5-二甲基-4,6-二氧杂-1,3-环己二酮在乙醇钠的作用下合成了1,3,5-三-[7-(7-甲基-2,2-二-乙氧羰基-6,8-二氧杂螺[3.5]-壬基)]苯(3). 将3在氯仿中与季戊四醇进行酯交换反应得到产物1,3,5-三-[7-(7-甲基-2,2-二-(2,2-二羟甲基-3-羟基丙氧基羰基)-6,8-二氧杂螺[3.5]-壬基)]苯(4). 收率为47.7%. 标题化合物及中间产物使用IR, ¹H NMR和MS或元素分析进行了表征.     

多孔硅的电化学制备

单晶硅在氢氟酸溶液中阳极氧化可制得多孔硅, 多孔硅是一种以新形态存在的硅, 与单晶硅相比, 它表现出独特的物理性质和化学活性。荧光光谱峰的蓝移表明, 在p-型低掺杂衬底硅上形成的多孔硅中存在量子尺寸效应, 新近获得的Raman光谱也证实了这一点。     

纳米TiO_2膜修饰电极异相电催化还原马来酸

通过电化学合成前驱体和溶胶-凝胶法在Ti表面修饰一层纳米TiO_2膜，SEM， XRD测试表明晶型为锐钛矿型，晶粒平均尺寸为25 nm。采用循环伏安法、循环方波 伏安法和电解合成法研究了纳米TiO_2膜电极在硫酸介质中的氧化还原行为以及对 马来酸（maleic acid）还原的电催化活性。结果表明，纳米TiO_2膜电极在阴极扫 描时有两对可逆氧化还原峰，可逆半波电位E_(1/2)~r分别为-0.53 V和-0.92 V（ sv. SCE，扫描速度0.05 V·s~(-1)），对应于TiO_2/Ti_2O_3和TiO_2/Ti(OH)_3两 个氧化还原电对的可逆电极过程。其中TiO_2/Ti_2O_3电对对马来酸具有异相电催 化还原活性，纳米TiO_2膜中的Ti~(IV)/Ti~(III)氧化还原电对作为媒质间接电还 原马来酸为丁二酸（butane diacid），反应机理为电化学偶联随后化学催化反应 （EC'）机理。     

MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATION OF SINGLE-CHAIN POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) PARTICLES*

Tapping mode atomic force microscope has been applied to observe single-chain PMMAparticles which were stored for six months at room temperature after sprayed from verydilute solutions in good solvents, good/poor mixed solvents, and a theta solvent. Monodis-perse PMMA standards of molecular weights ranging from 7.90×10~4 to 1.3×10~6 wereused to investigate the effect of molecular weight oh the size of the single-chain PMMAparticles. These single-chain particles showed close to spherical shapes. The morphologyof single-chain PMMA particles of a given molecular weight was found to be identical inspite of different solvents used for solution spraying. Molecular weigh dependence of theparticle dimension was also found. The diameters of single-chain PMMA particles aftercorrection of tlp-geometry effect were compared to the values estimated from molecularweight and density.     

血液中苯丙氨酸的测定方法研究进展

高效、简便、快速测定血液中苯丙氨酸含量在医学上尤其是对新生儿的苯丙酮尿症的筛查有着重要的意义；本文就血液中苯丙氨酸的测定方法研究进展进行了综述，内容包括：细菌抑制法、荧光法、高效液相色谱法、气相色谱—质谱联用、质谱—质谱联用、毛细管电泳、酶／比色法以及酶电极法等。     

Al(CF3SO3)3催化选择性氧化甘油转化为甲酸

化石能源的日渐紧缺以及在使用过程中带来的环境污染引起了世界范围内学术界和工业界的密切关注,而生物柴油作为一种环境友好的可再生资源,可以替代化石能源,具有非常好的发展前景.虽然生物柴油生产过程中会产生大量甘油副产物,但是甘油也是一种重要的生物质平台分子,可用于生产多种高附加值的化学品.为了提高甘油的利用价值,同时探索一条高产率制备甲酸的可替代路径,本文研究了一个在较温和条件下,以三氟甲磺酸盐为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂,将甘油选择性氧化为甲酸和乙醇酸的催化体系.结果表明,金属阳离子的催化活性与它们的水解常数(Kh)和内含水配体取代的交换速率常数(水交换速率常数, WERC)之间存在密切的相关性,适当的水解常数和较高的水交换速率常数有利于甘油氧化反应.在考察的多种金属三氟甲磺酸盐中,三氟甲磺酸铝(Ⅲ)是甘油选择性氧化为甲酸最有效的催化剂.在温度为70°C,反应12 h的条件下,甲酸收率可达72%.另外,反应体系中甘油、催化剂和H_2O_2的比例对甘油氧化产物分布有一定影响.一系列实验研究表明,催化体系中产生的Lewis酸和Br?nsted酸存在协同作用,具有适当Lewis酸和Br?nsted酸比例的金属盐呈现出良好的催化性能,催化剂过度水解可降低其催化活性.Al(OTf)_3原位水解过程中产生的Lewis酸性物种[Al(OH)_x]~(n+)和Br?nsted酸物种CF_3SO_3H是催化甘油转化的活性中心,另外在H_2O_2存在下产生的Al过氧物种可能是甘油氧化的活性中心.反应动力学和~1H NMR研究表明,在甘油转化为甲酸的过程中,甘油酸、乙醇酸和乙酸可能是反应的中间产物,可以继续氧化转化为甲酸.该催化剂体系同样适用于其他生物平台分子选择性氧化转化为有机羧酸,并且能够在甘油氧化反应中多次循环使用.Al(OTf)_3作为简单易得的催化剂具有高效的催化性能和优异的循环使用性能,这将为甘油选择性氧化转化为高附加值产品开辟一种新的方法.