甲状腺癌组织的傅里叶变换拉曼光谱研究

利用傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪得到了甲状腺癌和甲状腺正常组织样品的拉曼光谱,这2种组织样本的拉曼特征峰主要出现在400～3 500 cm-1的波长范围内。在甲状腺正常组织的拉曼光谱中位于503和758 cm-1处有两个特征峰,758 cm-1处峰指认为苯环的环振动,503 cm-1处的拉曼峰经分析初步指认为C—Ⅰ伸缩振动,这2个特征峰在甲状腺癌的拉曼光谱中均消失。在甲状腺正常组织的拉曼光谱中位于3 062和1 003 cm-1处酪氨酸的特征峰,在甲状腺癌组织的拉曼光谱中,这2处峰的相对强度明显降低。因此,拉曼光谱法有望成为甲状腺癌诊断的有效方法。     

拉曼光谱技术研究男性生殖生育

拉曼光谱通过记录光与物质作用时频率的改变,进而获得物质分子振动、转动信息,从而实现物质分子结构及其变化的检测。相比于常规生化检测分析方法,拉曼光谱技术具有无损、非标记检测及对检测样品要求低等优点。 拉曼光谱技术已广泛应用于生物医学领域的研究,如人体组织、器官、细胞以及人体体液的各种疾病诊断、检测研究。本文主要综述了拉曼光谱技术在人体精液的研究进展,首先介绍了拉曼光谱技术(包含表面增强拉曼光谱)在法医学领域针对精液整体开展的研究及相关的数据处理方法,然后重点介绍拉曼光谱在男性生殖生育方面的研究,即分别介绍了可客观反映精液质量及男性生殖生育能力的基于精液(精浆)拉曼光谱的定性和定量检测分析;另外,介绍了基于显微拉曼光谱技术开展的单精子水平的精子质量的刻画和评估,以及目前研究初步获得的有望用于优质精子判别的拉曼光谱标记指标,最后展望了拉曼光谱技术在生殖生育领域的应用发展前景。     

大气压射频等离子体化学气相沉积TiO2体系的发射光谱诊断

开展了大气压射频(RF)等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)TiO₂放电体系的发射光谱诊断研究, 分别考察了氧气分压、钛酸四异丙酯(TTIP)分压和输入功率对氧原子谱线相对强度、氩原子激发温度、OH振动温度以及转动温度的影响. 结果表明: 随着氧气分压的增加, 氧原子谱线相对强度先迅速增加至峰值后缓慢下降, OH振动温度缓慢增加, 而氩原子激发温度和OH转动温度基本不变. 随着TTIP 分压的增加, 氧原子谱线相对强度下降, 氩原子激发温度没有明显变化, 而OH振动温度和转动温度增加. 随着输入功率的增加, 氧原子谱线相对强度下降, 氩原子激发温度、OH振动温度和转动温度升高.     

Lipidomic analysis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme with rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor in the central nervous system. GBM patients have a very low 5-year survival rate and most of them died within 1 year. Conventional histopathological examination for GBM diagnosis is complicated and time-consuming, which always blocks the development of more precise and effective treatments in resection operation. Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) is a MS technique in clinical medicine research, which combines the common diathermy device with MS to acquire the lipid profiles of tissue specimens for lipidomic analysis and real-time tumor diagnosis. In this study, the REIMS method employing bipolar forceps was optimized and validated for high-throughput lipidomics and diagnosis of GBM for the first time. Total 42 lipid metabolites were tentatively identified and 12 out of 13 lipid biomarkers showed higher intensities in GBM, which were consistent with previous studies. After this, a statistic model was built with the lipidomic data for the diagnosis of GBM tumor in real-time. The diagnostic accuracy (94.74%), sensitivity (95.38%), and specificity (93.33%) were evaluated with histopathology validated brain tissue specimens that were not used in the training set. The proposed REIMS method for the lipidomic-analysis and diagnosis of GBM tumor provides a new direction for MS-based lipidomics and precision medicine and might be used to guide surgeons to precisely resect the GBM tissue and keep the normal brain tissue in operation.     

基于虚拟测试仪器的诊断技术及在VMTS中应用

故障诊断是一门交叉学科,广泛应用于各个领域,在飞机维修虚拟训练系统(VMTS, Virtual Maintenance Training System)平台基础上,提出基于虚拟仪器进行测试、故障定位的仿真训练策略,构建了基于需求的虚拟测试仪器模型框架,并在VMTS系统中得到应用。通过虚拟测试仪器与推理模块协同配合的方法解决了维修虚拟训练过程中普遍存在的故障诊断类型套路化问题,并且能够完成复杂状态下的故障诊断任务,满足各种故障诊断训练要求,最后以尾桨故障诊断为例,证明该方法的可行性。     

A study of interactions between bacteria and antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis

To assess the bacteria–antibiotic interactions in patients with postoperative wound infections, a simple electrophoretic test was performed. To estimate the effectiveness of the antibiotic therapy and to prepare 3‐day profiles of bacteria “quantity” in biological samples, CE was used. As our team demonstrated earlier, the method is easy and fast, sample pretreatment is not necessary, and it is characterized by high selectivity. Finally, the statistically optimal and significant results of the CZE test analysis for detection of Escherichia coli cells was established for migration time lower than 3.5 min. The obtained sensitivity and specificity amounted to 89.5 and 100%, respectively. It is the first application of CZE in the study of medical therapy.     

细胞内原位纳米催化在疾病诊断与治疗中的应用

纳米催化剂因其经济、 稳定以及可量产等优势, 实现了细胞内原位催化反应, 为分子水平人工调控细胞功能提供了可能. 人工纳米催化剂优异的催化性能使其在不同生理和病理条件下成功用于诊断成像和治疗. 本文综合评述了具有天然酶活性的纳米催化剂在癌症和氧化应激治疗以及基于纳米催化剂介导的细胞内原位催化反应的精准诊断成像方面的主要研究进展, 并对纳米催化剂在未来生物医药领域应用中面临的挑战和机遇进行了展望.     

用于小动物活体的荧光-光热双模成像系统

报道了一种小动物活体荧光-光热双模成像系统, 其兼具荧光成像和热成像双功能, 具有成像灵敏度高、 采集速度快(≤51 frame/s)、 组织穿透深度大(近红外荧光成像时可达10 mm)以及0.1 ℃的热成像分辨率. 该系统不但能够实现小动物皮下肿瘤和深层组织/器官的荧光成像, 同时集成了热成像, 可实时监测光热治疗中的温度变化以及药物的控制释放过程, 有助于实现精准治疗.     

Functionalization of bismuth sulfide nanomaterials for their application in cancer theranostics

Multifunctional bismuth sulfide (Bi₂S₃) nanomaterials exhibit significant potential as nanomedicines for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. These nanomaterials act as excellent photothermal agents and radiation sensitizers for the treatment of tumors, and they can also act as contrast agents for computed tomography (CT) imaging, photoacoustic imaging (PA), and other forms of imaging to provide real-time tumor monitoring and testing guidance. Compared with other nanomaterials, Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can readily adapt to different applications by virtue of the fact that they can be easily functionalized. However, these nanomaterials have some limitations that cannot be ignored and need to be addressed, such as poor biocompatibility, toxicity, and low chemical stability. It is widely believed that appropriate functionalization of Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials could remedy such defects and significantly improve performance. This review summarizes the ways in which Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can be functionalized and discusses their applications in cancer theranostics over the last few years, focusing particularly on imaging and therapy. We also discuss issues relating to how Bi₂S₃ nanomaterials can be analyzed, including how we might be able to use these systems to inhibit and treat tumors and how current limitations might be overcome to improve treatment efficacy. Finally, we hope to provide inspiration and guidance as to how we might create a more optimized multifunctional nano-system for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors.