The smartphone biosensors for point-of-care detection of human infectious diseases: Overview and perspectives—A systematic review

The accurate and fast diagnosis of infectious diseases plays a critical role in the timely and tailored treatment of the patients and preventing the infections from the further spread. This is especially necessary in regions with low- and middle-income of the world. According to the smartphone-based sensory applications such as the inimitable ability to obtain portable, user-friendly, accurate, and effective functions, that in turn, converts lab-on-hardware an interesting area of new investigations. In the present review, original research articles published in English were collected from various databases during January 2011–July 2021. Also, the reference lists of the articles have been searched. In between 121 electronically searched citations, 35 articles had the inclusion criteria. The maximum potential and extended utilization of smartphone-based biosensors in the diagnosis of human infectious agents belonged to colorimetric smartphone biosensors. Also, because of their unique futures in easy visualization, comfortable analyzing and processing by smartphone, they are easier to use for point-of-care products. Based on the results, smartphone-based biosensors are rapid, precise, and low-cost diagnostic methods and increasing their quality in limited-resource settings is of major importance. In addition, their abilities to connect to the “cloud” data storage systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) networks for collecting and sharing medical analytical data provide a trending novel research field in medical information technology.     

Recent advances in nucleic acid amplification-based optical biosensors for disease diagnosisEI北大核心CSCD

Optical biosensors have been widely used in the detection of biomarkers due to their advantages of simple operationquick responsehigh sensitivity and visualization. When constructing optical biosensors nucleic acid amplification technology can be used to improve the analytical performance of optical biosensor which can further realize the highly sensitive detection of biomarkers and provide more accurate information for disease diagnosis. In this reviewrecent advances in nucleic acid amplification-based optical biosensors for disease diagnosis were reviewed the possible problems may exist in practical applications and future development trends were proposed. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved.     

基于肠道微生物代谢产物的人结直肠癌诊断方法研究

建立气相色谱简单快速测定人粪便样品中短链脂肪酸( Short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)的方法。粪便样品经1% HCl-75%乙醇溶液提取、高速离心,即用于GC测定。采用DB-FFAP毛细管柱(30 m ×0.25 mm ×0.25μm),升温程序洗脱(初始温度50℃保持1 min,以10℃/min升至190℃);气化室温度为250℃;载气(高纯氮)线速度为1.0 mL/min;分流比为50：1,采用氢火焰离子化检测器检测。经系统方法学验证,证实本方法简单灵敏、准确可靠。采用多元统计分析方法成功区分健康志愿者和结直肠癌患者。与健康志愿者相比,结直肠癌患者粪便中乙酸、丁酸降低较为明显,提示SCFAs特别是丁酸可成为结直肠癌诊断的潜在标志物。本方法可用于结直肠癌患者和健康志愿者粪便中SCFAs的快速测定,并有望成为一种快速筛查和诊断结直肠癌的方法。     

A Magnetically Driven Tandem Chip Enables Rapid Isolation and Multiplexed Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles

The protein phenotypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. However, the technical challenges in rapid isolation and multiplexed molecular detection of EVs have limited their clinical practice. Herein, we developed a magnetically driven tandem chip to achieve streamlined rapid isolation and multiplexed profiling of surface protein biomarkers of EVs. Driven by magnetic force, the magnetic nanomixers not only act as tiny stir bars to promote mass transfer and enhance reaction efficiency of EVs, but also transport on communicating vessels of the tandem chip continuously and expedite the assay workflow. We designed cyclic surface enhancement of Raman scattering (SERS) tags to bind with target EVs and then release them by exonuclease I, eliminating steric hindrance and amplifying the SERS signal of multiple protein biomarkers on EVs. Due to the excellent assay performance, six breast cancer biomarkers were detected simultaneously on EVs using only 10 μL plasma within 1.5 h. The unweighted SUM signature offers great accuracy in discriminating breast cancer patients from healthy donors. Overall, the dynamic magnetic driving tandem chip offers a new avenue to advance the clinical application of EV-based liquid biopsy.     

Perspectives on electrochemical biosensing of COVID-19

Rapid detection of human coronavirus disease 2019, termed as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or COVID-19 infection, is urgently needed for containment strategy owing to its unprecedented spreading. Novel biosensors can be deployed in remote clinical settings without central facilities for infection screening. Electrochemical biosensors serve as analytical tools for rapid detection of viral structure proteins, mainly spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, human immune responses, reactive oxygen species, viral ribonucleic acid, polymerase chain reaction by-products, and other potential biomarkers. The development of point-of-care testing devices is challenging due to the requirement of extensive validation, a time-consuming and expensive step. Together with specific biorecognition molecules, nanomaterial-based biosensors have emerged for the fast detection of early viral infections.     

飞行控制系统故障诊断与重构技术研究

对于高空长航时无人机高性能要求,提出一种多等级余度飞行控制系统。结合飞行控制系统各组成部分的结构特点,给出了传感器信号的余度信号管理技术,机载计算机通道故障诊断与仲裁技术;伺服子系统故障隔离和控制分配重构技术。试验结果表明该飞行控制系统故障诊断与重构方案设计合理可行,不仅较好地完成了飞行控制系统的余度管理任务,而且有效提高了故障检测率抑制了虚警,保证了系统的可靠性与容错能力。     

基于航后QAR数据译码的APU故障诊断技术

APU系统由于其会直接影响飞机的运行安全性、经济性以及旅客的舒适度,因此无论是飞机主制造商还是航空公司都非常重视APU系统的故障诊断工作。但是,在APU设计之初又无法实现对其所有故障的准确探测和隔离。为了实现飞机投入运营后对APU系统疑难故障的探测问题,本文以B737飞机的APU启动电门故障以及APU启动时间异常为例,提出利用航后的QAR相关数据译码结果,查看相关参数的变化情况,提高APU系统的故障诊断水平。实践证明,利用航后QAR数据译码结果能够极大提高航空公司对APU系统以及飞机的故障诊断水平,方便航空公司日常的运营和维护工作,最终提高飞机的利用率。     

拉曼光谱技术研究男性生殖生育

拉曼光谱通过记录光与物质作用时频率的改变,进而获得物质分子振动、转动信息,从而实现物质分子结构及其变化的检测。相比于常规生化检测分析方法,拉曼光谱技术具有无损、非标记检测及对检测样品要求低等优点。 拉曼光谱技术已广泛应用于生物医学领域的研究,如人体组织、器官、细胞以及人体体液的各种疾病诊断、检测研究。本文主要综述了拉曼光谱技术在人体精液的研究进展,首先介绍了拉曼光谱技术(包含表面增强拉曼光谱)在法医学领域针对精液整体开展的研究及相关的数据处理方法,然后重点介绍拉曼光谱在男性生殖生育方面的研究,即分别介绍了可客观反映精液质量及男性生殖生育能力的基于精液(精浆)拉曼光谱的定性和定量检测分析;另外,介绍了基于显微拉曼光谱技术开展的单精子水平的精子质量的刻画和评估,以及目前研究初步获得的有望用于优质精子判别的拉曼光谱标记指标,最后展望了拉曼光谱技术在生殖生育领域的应用发展前景。     

基于支持向量机的机载吊舱故障诊断优化算法

提升机载吊舱的后勤保障能力,适应吊舱测试中多型号、多故障类型和测试环境动态变化的测试要求,是打赢现代化战争的重要保障。支持向量机（SVM）算法适用于小样本、高维度、非线性分类问题,SVM相关参数是影响算法性能的重要因素。基于K-CV算法和粒子群算法两种改进的SVM模型可以实现SVM参数优化,K-CV算法可以交叉验证优化模型参数,粒子群算法可以对SVM参数进行动态寻优,建立多核SVM吊舱故障诊断模型。两种算法都可以提高吊舱故障诊断模型的准确率,提高模型的学习能力和泛化能力,有效对吊舱的故障进行定量和定位诊断。     

基于红外热成像的林地余火死灰复燃点诊断方法研究

林地余火阴燃特性具有隐蔽性强、持续时间长、目测难度大、且具有死灰复燃等特点,从而一直困扰森林火灾的彻底扑灭。为了及时、高效地发现林地余火阴燃点,探索林地余火死灰复燃的特征及规律,在南京森林警察学院点烧基地里进行测试实验,以无人机搭载热红外成像系统、气象采集系统等为工具,把火源点设置在杨树林内,人为干预进行点烧、熄灭、复燃等重复实验,实验包括白天和夜晚两个时间段,用安装于无人机上的红外热成像仪对火源进行观测。实验表明：林地余火死灰复燃的温度在500～600℃,离散程度较大;林地余火死灰复燃在白天的时间普遍短于夜晚时间,表明外界温度越高,越会促进林地余火死灰复燃的速率;在森林中,不同地点、不同时间段的森林背景温度标准差比较稳定,主要处于1～9 之间;林地余火红外图像的温度数据的标准差值分布在30～85之间;红外图像的温度数据的标准差值分布在55～85 之间,则可定为死灰复燃可疑阶段。该方法量化了死灰复燃的火环境及温度参数阈值,明确林地余火阴燃点引燃特征值。该研究成果将推动森林防火技术的发展,为安全扑火提供重要的方法和资料。