一种校验带电粒子速度成像探测器的新方法

带电粒子(离子或者电子)速度成像技术可以精确测量带电粒子产物的速度分布和角分布,获得光谱级别分辨率的原子分子能级结构,广泛应用于光电离和光解离等分子反应动力学实验中.速度成像探测器的效率和信号相对强度对带电粒子速度分布信息的提取具有重要的影响.由于难以精确测量入射离子数,至今仍然没有直接校验速度成像探测器的方法报道.本文基于铷原子磁光阱搭建了一套离子速度成像实验装置,实现了入射离子数的精确测量及连续可调,并对冷原子的光电离过程、微通道板探测器采集的飞行时间信号、电荷耦合器件采集的荧光屏信号进行了校验,对可能影响速度成像信号相对强度的因素进行了检验.实验结果表明:当入射离子数低于1×105个/(100 ns)时,微通道板探测器的增益稳定,而荧光屏信号强度与入射其表面的电子数量的关系受荧光屏电压影响比较严重.同时,结果表明本方法可以有效校验带电粒子速度成像探测器的效率和信号的相对强度,对使用速度成像技术的实验具有一定的借鉴意义.     

气相色谱法测定土壤中15种农药的残留量

采用程序升温气相色谱法和氢火焰离子化检测器,对土壤中15种农药的残留量进行检测,该法简便、快速。     

蒙特卡罗模拟元素特征X射线注量的展宽技术

蒙特卡罗模拟技术可以有效提高核辐射探测分析效率、降低分析成本,在促进X荧光分析技术发展过程中也发挥了重要作用。在应用蒙特卡罗模拟能量色散X荧光分析中,为使蒙特卡罗模拟元素特征X射线注量谱与实验能谱之间的物理差异更小,提出了一种模拟注量展宽算法。首先依据离散统计物理理论,建立了Si-PIN半导体探测器对X射线的响应函数模型,并利用加权非线性最小二乘法拟合得到各系数,再对系数进行归一化处理,得到归一化后的响应函数R(E, E′)。然后利用R(E, E′)对模拟注量进行展宽转换,得到脉冲幅度谱(pulse height spectrum, PHS),使模拟谱更趋近于实验谱,这样就可以通过蒙特卡罗模拟得到与实测能谱一致性较高的模拟能谱。研究中最后利用建立的探测器响应函数模型对Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn元素K系全能峰拟合χ2_r值在1.04～1.18范围内,对铜合金样品中六种元素特征X射线模拟注量转换结果与实验值一致性较好,并实现了对多元素混合样品复杂重迭谱的有效模拟和展宽。     

Precision measurements of strangeness photoproduction at threshold energies with the Crystal Ball at MAMI-C

The photoproduction of K~+ mesons from the nucleon provides important constraints on the nucleon excitation spectrum and at threshold energies challenges effective field theories based on chiral perturbation in the strange quark sector. Preliminary cross-section measurements for γ(p, K~+)A are presented at an unprece-dented beam energy resolution. The data was collected at the MAMI-C facility in Mainz using the Crystal Ball Detector. A new method of K~+ detection was used in which the K~+ is tagged from its weak decay products in the detector crystals. This technique has application with other calorimeters at present and future hadron facilities.     

AFM针尖压入测量中的非线性效应

根据AFM(Atomic-Force Microscope 原子力显微镜)实验得到的典型压入曲线给出了一种标定电压-挠度转化系数的方法.对压入曲线进行常规的数据处理,结果显示在起始段和末段各有5nm左右的名义压入深度.然而,有限元计算结果表明上述名义压入深度并非真正的针尖压入样品的深度.通过悬臂梁响应、光线传播、四象限接收器等几个方面的非线性效应分析,得到了实验中各部分非线性效应对实验结果的影响方式和误差范围,从而发现压入实验中四象限接收器上光斑相对移动引起的非线性效应是造成错误判读压入深度的重要原因.最后,对如何减小测量误差和如何在一定误差范围内得到可靠的实验结果给出了一些建议.     

Design and implementation of the detector control system for the BESⅢ drift chamber cosmic ray test

After the construction of the BESⅢ drift chamber,a long period of cosmic rays test is necessary to verify its performance.This also provides a good opportunity to integrate the detector readout electronics and Detector Control System (DCS) into a unified working system.The goal of the DCS is to guarantee reliable physics data quality and the safe operation of the detector.It monitors and controls the HV,gas,VME crates and the environmental variables.The upper-level system is mainly developed from LabVIEW and the lower-level system mainly uses MCU and PLC technology.The system is designed to be highly flexible and scalable so that it can be applied to other detectors with little or no change.In the immediate future,it will be integrated into the entire BESⅢ Slow Control System.     

毛细管电泳高频电导检测器的研制

设计了一种新的毛细管电泳检测器.根据高频电导滴定原理,将电导电极做成两个金属圆筒套于分离毛细管外,并向两个电极施加高频电压.经毛细管分离后的组分流过两个电极之间时,高频电流发生变化,得到毛细管电泳图.该检测器具有应用范围广、操作简便及重现性好等优点,已初步应用于混合无机离子的测定.     

The Concept of Non-Dispersive Infrared Detector for Micro High Performance Liquid Chromatography Using KBr Buffer Memory Technique

Liquid Chromatography (LC) has gained acceptance as an analytical tool, and permits separations of mixtures of non-volatile compounds and species that are temperature sensitive.     

Small field output factors: Comparison of measurements with various detectors and effects of detector orientation with primary jaw setting

Accurate dosimetry in small photon fields used in modern radiotherapy is a challenging task due to electronic disequilibrium, steep dose gradients, source occlusion and size of the sensitive volume of the detector. These challenging effects and the lack of metrological dosimetric reference instigated an investigation on the acquisition of output factor with various detectors in parallel and perpendicular orientations. Small field output factor measurements of tertiary collimators such as BrainLab circular cones, BrainLab mMLC and Millennium MLC were carried out in this study. The data acquired show the differences between output factor results with different detectors for all collimating systems. Good agreement in output values was observed in field sizes greater than ∼2 × 2 cm² for all detectors and all tertiary collimators. For smaller fields when compared to electron field diode (EFD), 0.125 cm³ ion chamber underestimates the output by up to −11.1% and −20.4% and pinpoint ion chamber underestimates the output by up to −1.5% and −6.1% in their parallel and perpendicular orientation, respectively. In contrast, PTW SRS diode and photon field diode (PFD) overestimate the output factor by up to 2.5% and 6.9% respectively in its parallel orientation. The investigated data for the effect of jaw position (0.25 × 0.25 cm², 0.5 × 0.5 cm² and 1 × 1 cm²) away from the field edge generated by different tertiary collimating systems inferred that the opening of X–Y jaw highly influences the small field output factors. The orientation of the detectors and the position of the jaws could influence the output factors considerably in small fields.     

Frontispiece: Analysis of the Dynamics of the Human Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Reveals Insights into the Energy Landscape of the Molecule

G protein-coupled receptors initiate signal transduction in response to ligand binding. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), the focus of this study, binds the 28 residue peptide ghrelin. While structures of GHSR in different states of activation are available, dynamics within each state have not been investigated in depth. We analyze long molecular dynamics simulation trajectories using “detectors” to compare dynamics of the apo and ghrelin-bound states yielding timescale-specific amplitudes of motion. We identify differences in dynamics between apo and ghrelin-bound GHSR in the extracellular loop 2 and transmembrane helices 5–7. NMR of the GHSR histidine residues reveals chemical shift differences in these regions. We evaluate timescale specific correlation of motions between residues of ghrelin and GHSR, where binding yields a high degree of correlation for the first 8 ghrelin residues, but less correlation for the helical end. Finally, we investigate the traverse of GHSR over a rugged energy landscape via principal component analysis.