The ethnobotanical,phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Psidium guajava L.

Psidium guajava L., commonly known as guava is an important tropical food plant with diverse medicinal values. In traditional medicine, it is used in the treatment of various diseases such as diarrhoea, diabetes, rheumatism, ulcers, malaria, cough, and bacterial infections. The aim of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the ethnomedicinal uses, bioactive compounds, and pharmacological activities of P. guajava with greater emphasis on its therapeutic potentials. The bioactive constituents extracted from P. guajava include phytochemicals (gallic acid, casuariin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, quercetin, syringic acid, kaempferol, apigenin, cinnamic acid, luteolin, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside, morin, ellagic acid, guaijaverin, pedunculoside, asiastic acid, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, methyl gallate and epicatechin) and essential oils (limonene, trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, γ-muurolene, selinene, caryophyllene oxide, bisabolol, isocaryophyllene, δ-cadinene, α-copaene, α-cedrene, β-eudesmol, α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, linalool, α-terpineol and eucalyptol). In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that P. guajava possesses pharmacological activities such as antidiabetic, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiestrogenic, and antibacterial activities which support its traditional uses. The exhibited pharmacological activities reported may be attributed to the numerous bioactive compounds present in different parts of P. guajava. Based on the beneficial effects of P. guajava as well as its bioactive constituents, it can be exploited in the development of pharmaceutical products and functional foods. However, there is a need for comprehensive studies in clinical trials to establish the safe doses and efficacy of P. guajava for the treatment of several diseases.     

Wavelength accuracy testing of UV-visible detectors in liquid chromatography

Summary Wavelength accuracy is an important factor of LC detection which can have serious effects on detector response, analytical results, and inter-laboratory reproducibility. Current wavelength accuracy test procedures for LC detectors have serious limitations or are very elaborate. This paper describes two new test procedures which employ Tb⁺³ and Er⁺³ solutions, these ions have narrow well defined absorption bands, and provide suitable test points throughout the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. These new test methods are fast, simple, applicable to any detector, and cover the spectral regions most frequently employed in LC detection.     

HPLC测定西宁市鱼产品中的孔雀石绿与结晶紫

探索了西宁市鱼类产品中孔雀石绿与结晶紫的高效液相色谱荧光检测方法,方法在0.1ng/g-700ng/g范围内具有很好的线性关系,相关系数r为0.9998,定量限为0.5μg/kg.采用不同的鱼类产品进行验证,孔雀石绿的回收率在88％-94％之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.15％-4.87％.结晶紫的回收率在94％-108％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.54％-4.05％.本法提取快捷、简便,适用于大批量的抽样检测,可检测出鱼类样品中痕量的孔雀石绿,为水产养殖提供可行的监测手段,为鱼类中孔雀石绿的检测标准的制定提供依据.     

全柱成像激光诱导荧光微阵列芯片检测器

随着微分离技术的发展和微电子、微制造技术的进步,芯片分析仪器已成为当今一个重要的发展方向.传统的单通道、单点检测所存在的弊端是检测通量太小.     

HPLC-DAD法测定辣椒及其制品中苏丹红的含量

建立了应用高效液相色谱测定辣椒粉及其少量含油制品中的苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ含量的检测方法.采用Symmetry C18反相色谱柱(3.9mm×150mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈醋酸溶液(V乙磷:Vo.1%醋酸＝7∶1),等度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长230nm.在选定色谱条件下,苏丹红Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、...     

Hyphenated ultra high-performance liquid chromatography–Nano Quantity Analyte Detector technique for determination of compounds with low UV absorption

A novel universal aerosol-based detector Nano Quantity Analyte Detector – NQAD™, connected with an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system is described. The detector was employed for detection of selected antibiotic compounds – macrolides (oleandomycin, erythromycin, troleandomycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin) that are hard to detect using classical UV detectors due to the lack of chromophores. The determined lowest detection limits under isocratic conditions for these compounds ranged from 3.0 to 5.4 μg/mL. The suitability of the detector connected with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography in the gradient mode was tested on a more complex mixture containing 12 antibiotics. The detector exhibited full compatibility under both the elution modes when UHPLC separations were achieved in relatively short run times.     

Error compensation of four and five buckets wavefront extraction algorithms in phase-shifting interferometer

The phase-shifting method is all along an important wavefront extraction technique in the interferometer. Moreover, to require almost real-time measurement an algorithm with a small number of grabbed buckets is very helpful to the phase-shifting interferometer. Therefore, those algorithms within five buckets are very practical and are given more attention. In the paper, popular phase shifting algorithms within five buckets are compared and new four and five buckets algorithms are developed to compensate for two dominate error sources which are linear phase shift deviation and detector nonlinearity. Numerical simulations and wavefront extraction experiment verify that the proposed compensation algorithms are insensitive to linear phase shift deviation and detector nonlinearity compared with classical four and five bucket algorithm.     

The detection and estimation of the change point in a disccrete-time stochastic system

A piecewise-constant process containing a single jump is observed under noise in the context of discrete time. The conditional density and maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator of the jump time as well as the Bayes detector of the jump itself are determined using the powerful measure transformation approach. The Bayes detector provides a convenient sequential detection rule for practical on-line implementation. An asymptotic result for the distribution of the MAP estimator's estimation error and the corresponding convergence rate are derived. This result provides a reference measure of optimal performance for jump-time estimators in discrete-time stochastic systems that does not depend on the jump time's prior distribution     

Stability Indicating Hplc Method for the Determination of Sparfloxacin (Spar)

ABSTRACT

A rapid, sensitive and stability indicating method for the determination of sparfloxacin (SPAR) by RP - HPLC has been developed on a Merck RP - Select B (5 μm; 12.5 cm x 4.0 mm) column using a mobile phase of water: acetonitrile: triethylamine (80 : 20 : 0.2 v/v) pH of which was adjusted to 2.6 with orthrophosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1 ml / min. and the detection was carried out at 304 nm using Waters 486 variable wavelength detector. The retention time for SPAR was 7.2 min. Linearity range was from 8 - 1000 ppm. The method showed good precision and accuracy when applied to two brands of tablets containing SPAR. In alkaline media SPAR is stable where as it undergoes degradation in acidic and oxidising conditions generating different degradation products the nature of which is required to be established. The proposed method nicely separates the degraded products from SPAR and hence can be used as stability indicating method for the assay of SPAR.     

气相色谱法测定土壤中15种农药的残留量

采用程序升温气相色谱法和氢火焰离子化检测器,对土壤中15种农药的残留量进行检测,该法简便、快速。