Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Some Aromatic Aldehydes,Hydrocarbons, and Alcohols by Cerium(IV) Catalyzed by Iridium(III) in Acidic Medium

Addition of traces of iridium(III) chloride with cerium(IV) sulfate (catalyst–substrate ratio (1:2994 to 1:10,000) in traditional water-bath heating resulted in the oxidation of p-chlorobenzaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, p-methoxy benzyl alcohol, p-xylene, and p-nitrotoluene dissolved in acetic acid to give 77%, 90%, 21.7%, 88.6%, 86.2%, and 18% yields of the products, respectively, while catechol and resorcinol polymerized. Oxidation of aldehydes and alcohols resulted as usual in the corresponding acids and aldehydes, respectively, while p-xylene and p-nitrotoluene gave p-tolualdehyde and p-nitrobenzoic acid. Conditions were obtained for getting the highest yields under the experimental conditions.     

Cerium(III) Chloride: A Highly Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles

We report a highly efficient, one‐pot, three‐component condensation of carbonyl compounds, amines, and TMSCN in MeCN; the reaction is significantly promoted by the catalytic amount of cerium(III) chloride at ambient temperature in excellent yields without any adverse effect on the other substituents. The method afforded an elegant alternative to the synthesis of α‐aminonitriles. The reactions are fast and clean, and the products obtained are of high purity.     

二氧化铈/钼酸铋复合光催化剂的制备及光催化性能

采用水热法一步合成二氧化铈/钼酸铋复合材料,进一步探究了不同酸碱性反应体系溶液中二氧化铈与钼酸铋的组成、结构和光催化性能的关系。运用X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪等对样品进行表征。研究发现CeO_2的加入与钼酸铋在不同酸碱性合成体系合成产物的形态、组成、结构及光催化性能息息相关。未加Ce~(3+)前,在酸性条件下反应生成的是Bi_2MoO_6;在碱性条件下的反应产物是Bi_(3.64)Mo_(0.36)O_(6.55)/Bi_2MoO_6复合材料。当合成的反应溶液体系中引入CeO_2之后,在酸性条件下反应生成的Bi_2MoO_6催化性能最好;在碱性条件下,反应生成的是Bi_(3.64)Mo_(0.36)O_(6.55)。因此,在碱性条件下,CeO_2的加入能够促进Bi_2MoO_6转化Bi_(3.64)Mo_(0.36)O_(6.55)。     

Micellization behavior of anionic gemini surfactants-templated manufacture of cerium oxide nanoparticles

A series of anionic gemini surfactants (GS) were synthesized from the reactant of N, N-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA) with dicarboxylic acid diester (DADE), after the DADE was synthesized from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and fatty alcohol. Through rational design, benzene ring was introduced into the molecular structure to work as spacer group; carboxylic acid ammonium salt with hydroxyl as functional hydrophilic head group, and double-alkyl chain performed as hydrophobic tail chains. Then, surface active properties and micellization behavior were investigated respectively. It is found that these novel molecular structure dramatically improved the surface active properties, including critical micelle concentration (CMC: 10^?3?mol/L), surface tension (γ_min: 26.5?mN/m), conductivity and absorption at interface. Moreover, GS were able to form intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which, together with rigid spacer group, greatly affected the micellization behavior in bulk solution. More importantly, the self-assembly of aggregation with different morphologies can be controlled via adjustment to solution concentration or tail chain length. Finally, GS were applied as soft templates for the shape controllable synthesis of cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles, and CeO₂ nanoparticles in diverse shapes were eventually obtained and verified, such as dorayaki shape (double-pancake shape), rod-cluster shape, lamellar shape, butterfly shape and dendrite shape.     

金属掺杂的CeO2体系电子结构和氧离子迁移能的DFT+U研究

使用DFT和DFT+U方法研究了Ca,Ba,Sm与Zr在CeO₂体系中的掺杂能及其掺杂对缺陷形成能和氧离子迁移能的影响规律. 计算结果表明,对未含有氧离子空位的掺杂体系,掺杂能随着掺杂离子半径的增大而增大;对含有氧离子空位的掺杂体系,掺杂能受到掺杂离子半径和价态的影响;对各种掺杂体系电子结构的研究发现,在还原CeO₂,Zr和Sm掺杂的CeO₂体系中,由于氧空位捕获电子使Fermi能级升高;在碱土金属掺杂的CeO₂体系中,由于Ca²⁺和Ba²⁺取代高价态Ce⁴⁺而产生的负电荷恰恰与氧离子空位产生的正电荷中和,因此Fermi能级几乎没有移动;还原CeO₂和Zr掺杂的CeO₂体系均含有Ce³⁺,其新态位于Ce4f和O2p之间,这将导致CeO₂体系具有离子和电子导电特性;Ca,Ba和Sm的掺杂均抑制了CeO₂体系中Ce⁴⁺的变价. 使用NEB方法对氧离子迁移能进行了研究,且结果表明,氧离子到空位的迁移路径几乎沿一条直线进行;当掺杂Ca,Ba,Sm与Zr时,氧离子迁移能均小于纯CeO₂体系的;在这些掺杂体系中,Ba掺杂的体系氧离子迁移能最小,掺杂能较大,这可能导致在实验中常通过加入第三类掺杂物来引入Ba.     

溴化铈晶体的生长与性能研究

采用改进的坩埚下降法生长出φ1.5"×1.5"的无宏观缺陷的溴化铈晶体毛坯.研究测试了溴化铈晶体的荧光光谱、紫外-可见透射光谱及光输出、能量分辨率、本底等闪烁性能.结果表明:在光致激发下,溴化铈晶体的发光主峰位于390 nm;其10 mm厚度样品在390nm处的光透过率为60;;φ1"×1"大小的样品在137Cs源的662 keV伽马射线作用下能量分辨率为4.26;,光输出相当于NaI(Tl)晶体的125;;溴化铈晶体中在0.005 Bq/g探测限下未检测到138La和227Ac元素,本底水平显著低于掺铈溴化镧晶体.     

铈改性丝光沸石在甲醇胺化反应中的应用

研究了氨和甲醇以铈改性丝光沸石为催化剂,在常压固定床上选择性合成二甲胺的反应。考察了温度、氨醇比、甲醇液相空速等制备条件对催化剂的活性及二甲胺选择性的影响。     

Enrichment of Trace Cerium by Liquid Membrane and Its Determination by Spectrophotometry

Introduction Since it was discovered in 1968,liquid membrane separation technique has been widely studied,particularly in separating or recovering some metal ions.It is a novel study that trace substances in analytical chemistry are enriched by liquid membrane.There have been few reports on enriching cerium by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) now.Therefore,authors studied the liquid membrane methed for enriching trace cerium.The sensibility measuring cerium by spectrophotometry was increased greatly.     

The Influence of the Preparation Method on the Physico-Chemical Properties and Catalytic Activities of Ce-Modified LDH Structures Used as Catalysts in Condensation Reactions

Mechanical activation and mechanochemical reactions are the subjects of mechanochemistry, a special branch of chemistry studied intensively since the 19th century. Herein, we comparably describe two synthesis methods used to obtain the following layered double hydroxide doped with cerium, Mg₃Al_0.75Ce_0.25(OH)₈(CO₃)_0.5·2H₂O: the mechanochemical route and the co-precipitation method, respectively. The influence of the preparation method on the physico-chemical properties as determined by multiple techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, DRIFT, RAMAN, DR-UV-VIS, basicity, acidity, real/bulk densities, and BET measurements was also analyzed. The obtained samples, abbreviated HTCe-PP (prepared by co-precipitation) and HTCe-MC (prepared by mechanochemical method), and their corresponding mixed oxides, Ce-PP (resulting from HTCe-PP) and Ce-MC (resulting from HTCe-MC), were used as base catalysts in the self-condensation reaction of cyclohexanone and two Claisen–Schmidt condensations, which involve the reaction between an aromatic aldehyde and a ketone, at different molar ratios to synthesize compounds with significant biologic activity from the flavonoid family, namely chalcone (1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) and flavone (2-phenyl-4H-1benzoxiran-4-one). The mechanochemical route was shown to have indisputable advantages over the co-precipitation method for both the catalytic activity of the solids and the costs.     

微波辅助合成具有优异电化学性能的rGO/CeO2超级电容器电极材料

CeO₂具有良好的赝电容, 但有关碳/CeO₂复合材料的电化学性能有待改善. 本工作采用简单的微波辅助合成法, 将氧化石墨烯与Ce(NO₃)₃混合发生氧化还原反应, 获得还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/CeO₂复合材料. 通过形貌观察, CeO₂以颗粒形式均匀分布在褶皱的rGO上, 且沿着rGO表面仿形生长; 纳米级CeO₂颗粒之间存在微小间隙. N₂吸/脱附测试结果表明, rGO/CeO₂具有大的比表面积和介孔孔径, 有益于与电解液充分接触. 通过电化学测试, rGO/CeO₂的比电容高达468 F•g^-1, 经过10000次充放电循环, 电容保持率高达107.3%. 优异的循环稳定性归因于大表面积的rGO与均匀薄层的CeO₂良好的协同效应减少了离子传输的阻力以及CeO₂颗粒之间微小的间隙, 缓解了Ce⁴⁺还原为Ce³⁺过程中发生的晶格膨胀. 将rGO/CeO₂组装成对称型超级电容器rGO/CeO₂||rGO/CeO₂获得的能量密度达18.16 Wh•kg^-1. rGO/CeO₂作为超级电容器电极材料具有广阔前景.