"化工原理"考核方式改革实践与效果

以培养创新人才为目的,针对如何相对全面、真实、合理地评价学生学习成绩,对"化工原理"考核方式进行了一系列改革与实践。通过课堂随机提问、课堂小测试、作业、讨论课以及期末考试等多种形式对学生成绩进行综合评定,培养学生批判性的思维,提高了学生自主学习能力和解决问题的能力,使学生对所学理论知识融会贯通。不但学生期末平均成绩逐年提高,而且在历届的全国大学生化工设计竞赛中取得了较好的成绩。该改革提升了教学质量,取得了较好的教学效果。     

熔石英中过氧缺陷及中性氧空位缺陷的几何结构、电子结构和吸收光谱的准粒子计算

本文使用密度泛函理论研究了熔石英中peroxy linkage(POL)缺陷和中性氧空位(NOV)缺陷的几何结构,电子结构以及光学性质.采用自洽的准粒子GW计算结合求解Bathe-Salpeter方程的多体理论,研究了缺陷引起的电子结构和光学吸收谱的变化.首先研究了无缺陷非晶结构的电子结构与吸收谱,得到的结果与实验值非常接近.对POL的计算表明,其在基态下的局部结构与过氧化氢分子类似.采用多体理论计算得到的吸收谱表明其最低吸收峰位于6.3 eV处.这一结果不支持实验认为的位于3.8 eV处的吸收峰是由POL缺陷导致的说法.对于NOV缺陷,计算表明其基态的Si—Si键长为2.51?而三重态下的值则为3.56?.相应的GW+BSE计算表明中性氧空位缺陷导致了位于7.4 eV处的吸收峰,与实验测量结果一致.     

大口径DKDP晶体受激拉曼散射增益系数的测量（英）

大口径KDP/DKDP晶体在强紫外光辐照下产生横向受激拉曼散射效应（TSRS）, 受激放大的拉曼散射光将导致激光能量损失甚至激光损伤, 测量DKDP晶体TSRS增益系数对设置激光装置的运行区间以确保晶体的安全使用非常重要。采用高精度光谱仪探测大口径DKDP晶体（氘含量65%）在351 nm激光辐照下的横向拉曼散射信号, 得到了拉曼散射光的增长曲线, 拟合得到的拉曼增益系数为0.109 cm/GW。同时, 实验结果表明晶体体损伤不影响TSRS增长行为, 表明晶体体损伤对拉曼增益系数测量结果的影响可以忽略。     

大口径反射镜低应力夹持技术

高功率固体激光装置对大口径反射镜附加波前畸变和姿态稳定提出了苛刻的要求,在确保姿态稳定性的同时,要求低应力夹持使附加波前畸变峰谷值（PV值）＜λ/3, 波长λ＝633 nm。提出了一种正面三点支撑结合侧面八点限位的大口径反射镜夹持技术,对该夹持结构下引起的附加波前畸变进行了仿真和实验研究,并对反射镜姿态稳定性进行了不同工况下的实验模拟。结果表明,该夹持方式引入的附加波前畸变PV值约为23.6 nm,振动、晃动、翻转不同工况下反射镜指向变化PV值小于50 μrad,附加波前畸变和姿态稳定性均满足高功率激光装置的要求。     

以3, 5-二甲基-1-羧甲基-4-吡唑甲酸为配体的两个锌的配合物的合成、晶体结构和荧光性能

以3, 5-二甲基-1-羧甲基-4-吡唑甲酸和4, 4'-联吡啶为配体, 合成了1个单核锌(II)配合物[Zn(4,4'-bpy)(Hcmdpca)₂(H₂O)₃]·2H₂O (1)和1个锌(II)的一维配位聚合物[Zn(4, 4'-bpy)(Hcmdpca)₂(H₂O)]·3H₂O (2)(H₂cmdpca=3, 5-二甲基-1-羧甲基-4-吡唑甲酸;4, 4'-bpy=4, 4'-联吡啶), 并用元素分析、红外光谱、X-射线单晶衍射结构分析、热重分析等对其进行了表征。配合物1和2都属于单斜晶系, 空间群为P2₁/c。配合物1的锌离子都位于一个畸变的八面体构型中。配合物1中的独立结构单元间通过分子间氢键作用构成一个三维的超分子结构。而在2中, 锌离子位于一个畸变的四方锥构型中, 每个4, 4'-联吡啶分子桥联2个相邻的 锌(II)离子, 形成一个一维链;这些一维链和水分子通过分子间氢键进一步形成一个三维的结构。此外还考察了1和2的热稳定性和固体荧光性质。     

Laser-Induced Damage Growth on Larger-Aperture Fused Silica Optical Components at 351nm

Laser-induced damage is a key lifetime limiter for optics in high-power laser facility. Damage initiation and growth under 351 nm high-fluence laser irradiation are observed on larger-aperture fused silica optics. The input surface of one fused silica component is damaged most severely and an explanation is presented. Obscurations and the area of a scratch on it are found to grow exponentially with the shot number. The area of damage site grows linearly. Micrographs of damage sites support the micro-explosion damage model which could be used to qualitatively explain the phenomena.     

Effect of Air Gap on Dual-Tripler Broadband Third-Harmonic Generation

We experimentally study the effect of the air gap on conversion efficiency and the spectrum of generated third-harmonic pulses in the dual-tripler broadband third-harmonic generation scheme. The experimental results are in good agreement with predictions that the 4-cm air gap is equivalent to a full cycle of phase mismatch among the three interacting pulses （i.e. the fundamental, second-harmonic and third-harmonic pulse）. The experimental results also show that the spectrum of the third-harmonic pulse is sensitive to the air gap. We also point out that the air gap effect can be ignored when the dual-tripler system is located in 1000 Pa atmosphere. These results will guide the design of the broadband third-harmonic generation system in high power lasers.     

Laser-induced damage on large-aperture fused silica gratings

Two sets of laser-damage experiments on large-aperture fused silica optics have been carried out in a high-power laser facility. Severe damage has been found on the grating which presented dense craters on the front surface. This phenomenon is quite different from other fused silica optics, which are damaged on the rear surface. The damage possibility due to the redeposition layer was ruled out by acid-etching the grating’s front surface. The remarkable stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect was observed in grating and the reason for the front surface damage is thought to be the backward SBS.     

Creation of quantum correlations via the initial classical-mixed states

Using the pseudomode method, we theoretically analyze the creation of quantum correlations between two two-level dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled with a common structured reservoir with different coupling strengths. Considering certain classes of initial separable-mixed states, we demonstrate that the sudden birth of atomic entanglement as well as the generation of stationary quantum correlations occur. Our results also suggest a possible way to control the occurrence time of entanglement sudden birth and the stationary value of quantum correlations by modifying the initial conditions of states, the dipole-dipole interaction, and the relative coupling strength. These results are helpful for the experimental engineering of entanglement and quantum correlations.     

基频倍频光群速度对超短脉冲三倍频的影响分析

在超短脉冲的谐波转换过程中, 由于不同波包之间的群速度失配的存在, 非线性晶体的有效厚度、转换效率及带宽等将相互制约, 不能获得理想结果。基于耦合波方程, 在平面波和小信号近似条件下推导出了关于基频、倍频光群速度关系的解析表达式。通过对200 fs超短脉冲在II类KDP晶体中的混频过程的模拟分析, 发现在满足相位匹配的前提下, 三次谐波转换效率随着基频、倍频光群速度倒数的差值的平方呈现出指数衰减的关系, 与理论结果吻合。得出的关于基频光、倍频光群速度的表达式, 作为三倍频群速度匹配关系式的必要补充, 对寻找合适的色散晶体和选择有效的匹配措施, 实现宽带三次谐波转换具有理论指导意义。