我国工程中边界元法研究的十年

边界元法的研究在我国开始于一九七八年,十年来取得了很大进展.这篇综述包括七个研究领域:(1)固体力学,(2)动力学问题,(3)流体流动、热传导及其他场问题,(4)流体结构相互作用问题的一些工程分析方法,(5)边界元-有限元耦合法,(6)工程中边界元法的一些数学和数值方法问题,(7)一些工程应用.作者简要地介绍了清华研究小组的工作,并力图给出我国有关工程研究十年发展的一个概貌....     

Characteristics of elemental carbon and organic carbon in PM10 during spring and autumn in Chongqing, China

PM10 （particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm） samples were collected simultaneously at nine urban sites and one urban background site during two intensive observation campaigns in 2006. Concentrations of elemental carbon （EC） and organic carbon （OC） in PM10 were analyzed using an element analyzer. The characteristics regarding spatial and seasonal distribution patterns of OC and EC concentrations and their contributions to PM10 mass, as well as correlation between OC and EC, were investigated in detail. The average OC and EC concentrations for urban sites were 57.5 ± 20.8 and 8.3 ± 3.9 μg/m^3, respectively, both being around three times higher than those for urban background site. As a whole, EC concentrations did not show distinct seasonal variations, though OC concentrations were generally higher in autumn than in spring. For urban sites, total carbonaceous aerosol （TCA） accounted for 33.2% in spring and 35.0% in autumn of PM10 mass. The OC and EC concentrations were found significantly correlated to each other both in spring and in autumn, implying the existence of similar emission sources such as coal combustion. The OC/EC ratios generally exceeded 2.0, indicating the presence of secondary organic carbon （SOC）, whose estimated concentration for urban Chongqing was 26.7 and 39.4μg/m^3, accounting for 48.9 and 61.9% of the total OC observed in the samples, in spring and in autumn, respectively.     

上海微系统所铋化物半导体材料研究受到国际关注

<正>铋是元素周期表中最重的非放射性元素,与邻近的其它重金属元素相比,毒性最小,被认为是一种"绿色"元素。铋化物半导体材料包括III-V化合物半导体中掺入少量铋原子形成的稀铋材料、Bi2Te3和Bi2Se3等传统热电材料和新型拓扑绝缘体材料以及以BiFeO3为代表的含铋氧化物材料等,具有很多新奇的物理特性,有望取代Cd、Pb、Sb、Hg等有毒重金属元素,成为信息、能源和医学领域中新一代可持续的半导体功能材     

基于STSE教育理念探秘苹果中的化学知识

《普通高中化学课程标准（2017年版）》强调STSE教育理念。通过对苹果中铁元素、氧气、多酚氧化酶活性对苹果褐变现象影响的实验探究，为提高苹果的使用价值以及食品保鲜技术提供了理论基础，让学习者在"苹果"中感受化学知识的生活化及科学知识的价值。     

碘小姐的旅行

将碘元素拟人化,让其以卤素家族"四小姐"的身份,在这美丽的世界上走一走,并拟人化讨论了碘小姐的元素分布、物理性质以及生理活性,让读者在获得知识之余还能有美的享受。     

金属元素分析仪应用发展趋势

过去我国金属元素分析工作相当薄弱，只有国营大型企业才有能力从国外购置，一些高档的分析设备如红外碳硫分析仪、光谱分析仪等仪器对产品进行检测，一般中小型企业几乎都不具备实验设备的分析，最多也就使用一些实验室常用的化学方法如滴定法对材料进行测定。     

快速定位车牌的方法研究

提出了基于数学形态学和纹理特征的快速定位车牌的方法.该方法包含4个步骤:预处理,利用Sobel算子进行垂直边缘检测,通过形态学操作得到连通域,利用车牌的纹理特征和字符特征最终定位车牌.使用该方法对1 144幅图片进行实测,1 102幅图片定位成功,正确识别率为96.3%,处理时间为160～200ms.