基于环丁烯-1,2-二羧酸分子的二维有机铁电分子晶体单层的设计与理论研究

有机分子铁电材料相较于传统无机铁电材料具有轻质、柔性、不含重金属原子和成本低等诸多优点,长期以来得到了广泛的关注和研究.近年来,原子厚度的二维无机铁电材料的研究取得了突破性进展,因而备受关注,然而二维有机铁电材料的设计与研究却鲜有报道.本文基于密度泛函理论方法设计了一种以环丁烯-1,2-二羧酸(cyclobutene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, CBDC)分子为结构单元的二维单层有机铁电分子晶体.由于CBDC分子晶体内部氢键的链状排布,导致其块体呈现出明显的层状结构,计算发现内部的氢键链使得CBDC分子晶体块体具有各向异性的剥离能,因此有望由沿着剥离能最低的(102)晶面进行机械/化学剥离而获得相应的单层有机铁电分子晶体.理论计算预测CBDC (102)分子晶体单层的面内自发极化约0.39×10–6μC/cm,可与部分无机同类相比拟.计算表明CBDC (102)分子晶体单层具有较高的极化反转势垒,且对外加单轴应力的响应较为敏感. CBDC (102)单层有机铁电分子晶体的高面内自发极化以及易被界面调控的极化反转势垒使其可被应用于轻质无金属及柔性铁电器件.     

基于增材制造空心点阵结构的压缩变形研究

点阵结构具有质量轻、承压性能好、比刚度大等特点,广泛应用于轻量化部件与承压结构。采用选区激光熔覆技术制备了316L不锈钢空心点阵结构,通过准静态压缩实验和有限元数值模拟,研究了含不同尺寸空心微柱的点阵结构在压缩变形时的失效和变形模式及其成因。结果表明:316L不锈钢材料的空心管状结构在点阵压缩过程中无明显压溃失稳,其结构失效模式是由节点失效诱发微柱变形,进而造成整体失效;结构的变形模式为整体均匀变形,但是当壁厚和外径较小时,边界层将因刚度不足而率先变形;增大空心微柱尺寸可使结构刚度增大。     

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of NiMoO4 nanorods for high-performance urea electrooxidation

A large surface area with high active site exposure is desired for the nano-scaled electrocatalysts fabrication.Herein,taking Ni Mo O₄nanorods for example,we demonstrated the advantages of the microwaveassisted hydrothermal synthesis method compared to the traditional hydrothermal approaches.Both monoclinic structured Ni Mo O₄in the nanorods morphology are found for these samples but it is more time-saving and efficient in the Ni-Mo synergism for the catalyst obtained by mi...     

Copper-catalyzed diversified annulations between α-diketones and alkynyl α-diketones

Copper-catalyzed divergent annulations between α-diketones and alkynyl α-diketones have been achieved, delivering a series of highly functionalized and biologically important cis-hexahydro-2Hcyclopenta[b]furan(HCPF) and 2-hydroxydihydrofuran-3(2H)-one(HDFO) products with high levels of stereoselectivity under identical conditions. The protocol features the use of earth-abundant copper catalyst, mild conditions, shortening synthetic routes in constructing different molecular frameworks, and reduc...     

关于卤素课堂教学的几点体会

根据卤素的知识特点，从讲述卤素发现史润物无声地开展思政教育，运用化学基础理论渗透元素化学教学过程，应用网络资源构建“线上+线下”混合模式教学，结合实际应用巧讲卤素及其化合物，指导学生学会归纳总结等方面进行课堂教学，能有效地激励学生学习科学家崇高的科学品质，激发学生学习积极性，提高课堂教学质量并提升学生的自主学习能力。     

发光铱(Ⅲ)配合物抗肿瘤活性研究及应用

铱(Ⅲ)配合物因其发光量子产率高且波长易调控、发光寿命长和光稳定性好的特点,在发光材料领域备受关注。铱(Ⅲ)配合物细胞渗透能力强,能靶向多种细胞组织并影响其结构和功能,表现出独特的抗肿瘤活性,是目前金属抗肿瘤药物特别是PDT光敏剂方向的研究热点。本文重点关注铱(Ⅲ)配合物的结构对其发光性能与抗肿瘤性能的影响,综述了近期铱(Ⅲ)配合物在生物成像、探针与传感、抗肿瘤诊疗等领域的研究进展,并对目前研究中存在的问题及其应用前景进行探讨和展望。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法同时测定固态食品中6种稀有糖

稀有糖在固态食品中的应用量与日俱增，引发了掺假、过量添加等食品安全问题，因此建立固态食品中稀有糖(阿洛酮糖、塔格糖、海藻糖、异麦芽酮糖、赤藓糖醇和甘露糖醇)的检测方法十分重要。本文基于高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器，建立了一种同时检测固态食品中6种稀有糖的分析方法。选用Zorbax Original NH₂色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm)进行分离，流动相为乙腈-水(80∶20, v/v),流速梯度洗脱。蒸发光散射检测系统的漂移管温度设置为50℃,雾化器载气为高纯氮，载气流速为1.0 mL/min,压力为275.79 kPa,增益值为3。样品经25 mL水提取，振荡涡旋10 min,分别加入200μL的乙酸锌溶液和200μL的亚铁氰化钾溶液净化，4 500 r/min离心10 min,取上清液1 mL,过0.22μm水相滤膜，待上机分析。6种稀有糖在各自范围内线性关系良好，决定系数(R²)均>0.998 5,方法的检出限为0.02～0.60 g/100 g。以空白固态食品样品为基质，在3种加标水平下，6种稀有糖的回收率为92...     

黄绿色葡萄石的矿物学特征及谱学研究

葡萄石可以以板状、片状、葡萄状、肾状、放射状或块状集合体的形式产出,因其美丽的外观和特殊的晶体结构,近年来受到了学者的广泛关注。本文通过电子探针、粉晶X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、显微拉曼光谱仪、紫外可见分光光度计等仪器对黄绿色葡萄石的成分、结构及谱学特征进行了分析与探讨。葡萄石的主要致色元素为Fe,且Fe³⁺经常取代Al³⁺占据八面体配位,Fe²⁺经常取代Ca²⁺存在于空隙中。电子探针数据表明:Fe与Al的含量变化整体呈现负相关关系,Fe与Ca的含量变化也整体呈现负相关关系,Fe含量相对较高的样品其黄绿色调加深。XRD图谱和拉曼光谱的结果表明:在葡萄石中绿帘石以包裹体的形式存在。红外光谱和拉曼光谱表明葡萄石中存在硅氧四面体和铝氧八面体两种架构,紫外可见吸收光谱揭示了葡萄石的致色机理。本文对葡萄石的矿物学特征及谱学特征进行系统分析,为后续葡萄石的进一步研究提供思路与实验数据。     

Periodic oscillation of quantum diffusion in coupled one-dimensional systems

We analytically show that quantum diffusion in the coupled system composed of two identical chains exhibits a well-defined periodic oscillation in both transverse and longitudinal directions with a frequency determined by the interchain hopping strength, no matter whether the chains are periodic or non-periodic. We illustrate the result through numerical work on the coupled periodic chains and the quasiperiodic Aubry-Andre-Harper(AAH) chains with various modulations of onsite potentials supporting extended, critical, and localized states. We further numerically show that quantum diffusion in the coupled chains of different degrees of disorder W exhibits an exponential decay oscillation similar to the behavior of an underdamped harmonic oscillator, with a decay time inversely proportional to the square of W and a slight frequency change proportional to the square of W. Moreover, quantum diffusions in the coupled systems composed of two different chains are numerically studied, including periodic/disordered chains, periodic/AAH chains, and two different AAH chains, which exhibit the same behavior of underdamped periodic oscillation if the onsite potential difference between two chains is smaller than the interchain hoping strength.Existence of this universal periodic oscillation is a result of spectral splitting of the iso-spectra of two chains determined by interchain hopping, independent of system size, boundary condition, and intrachain onsite potentials. Because the oscillation frequency and spreading distance of wavepacket can be tuned separately by interchain hopping and intrachain potentials, the periodic oscillation of quantum diffusion in coupled chains is expected to find applications in control of quantum states and in designing nanoscale quantum devices.