Effect of microdomain structure on the mechanical behavior of binary blends

The relationship between microphase structure and mechanical response of the binary blends consisting of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene copolymer and low molecular weight polystyrene has been investigated. Low molecular weight polystyrene was chosen to obtain uniformly solubilized nano-blends without macrophase separation. The specimens were solution-cast by adding different amounts of homo-polystyrene to acquire different microphase structures. Small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and atom force microscopy(AFM) have been used to study the microdomain and grain structure. It is observed that the structural changes in d-spacing and grain size on account of different amounts of polystyrene alter the mechanical behavior in both monotonic tensile and cyclic tests. The elastic and the Mullins effects are strongly sensitive to the changes in d-spacing and grain sizes. Moreover, the sample with bi-continuous structure shows the largest tensile strength and Mullins effect. In addition, the Mooneye-Rivlin phenomenological model was used to evaluate and explore the relationship between the polymer topological networks and the rubber elasticity of these styrenic nano-blends.     

不同有机分子改性羟基磷灰石用于甲醛催化氧化

分别采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)及柠檬酸钠(SC)对羟基磷灰石(HAP)进行了有机改性.柠檬酸钠改性的羟基磷灰石对甲醛催化氧化表现出最好的催化活性,在240℃实现了甲醛完全转化.通过X射线衍射、红外光谱、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜和热重/差重等手段对HAP结构进行了表征.结果表明,SC改性使得HAP比表面积和孔体积增加,孔径减小,更有利于吸附及传质,从而提高了其活性.此外,SC改性的HAP中羟基含量更多,更有利于甲醛与羟基之间发生相互作用,这是该样品活性提高的另一个原因.     

Simultaneous Improvements of Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Poly（propylene carbonate） via Incorporation of Environmental-friendly Polydopamine

Inspired by the photoprotection, radical scavenging of melanin together with versatile adhesive ability of mussel proteins, polydopamine（PDA） nanoparticles were successfully prepared and incorporated into environmentally friendly polymer, poly（propylene carbonate）（PPC） via solvent blending. The prepared composites exhibited excellent thermal stability in air and nitrogen atmosphere and extraordinary mechanical properties. The composites displayed eminent increase of temperature at 5% weight loss（T5%） by 30-100 K with 0.3 wt%-2.0 wt% loadings, meanwhile, the tensile strength and Young＇s modulus were significantly improved from 11.5 MPa and 553.7 MPa to 40.5 MPa and 2411.2 MPa, respectively. The kinetic calculation indicated that improvement of T5% is presumably derived from suppressing chain-end unzipping. The glass transition temperature（Tg） of the PPC/PDA composites increased by 8-10 K. This is probably due to hydrogen bonding interaction since the abundant proton donors along PDA chains would interact with proton acceptors like C = O and C―O―C in PPC which would cause restriction of segmental motion of PPC chains.     

锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的制备及其电化学性能的研究

锂离子电池具有比能量高、质量轻、体积小、电压高、安全性好和无记忆效应等特点,而正极材料是其研究的重点.采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了锂离子电池的正极材料,结果表明,其初始容量高,循环性能理想,并且整个合成过程也较为简单,合成的温度相对较低,样品的颗粒比较均匀.     

PC/尼龙6共混合金的结晶结构与性能

聚碳酸酯(PC)由于具有突出的冲击韧性、良好的透明性、尺寸稳定性和电气绝缘性而广泛应用于电子电气、仪器仪表、汽车、机械、医疗、照明和建筑等领域,是一种综合性能优良的工程塑料.但也存在着加工流动性差和耐药性差、易应力开裂及对缺口敏感等缺陷,且价格昂贵,因而限制了它的应用范围.对PC进行合金化,提高PC的性能,降低成本是PC改性的重要研究方向,开发成功的PC合金有PC/ABS,PC/PET,PC/PBT[1]和PC/PE[2]等.制备高性能PC/尼龙6(PA6)合金是目前国内外PC改性的热点.PA6的加入可以改善PC的耐药性、耐应力开裂性及加工性能,降…     

化学反应的内禀反应坐标法(Ⅷ)——甲基叠氮热解反应的反应路径解析

采用内禀反应坐标法完成了对甲基叠氮热解反应途径的微观动力学解析.结果表明甲基叠氮的热解是以伴随N₂消除后发生1,2-H迁移的协同方式完成的,属协同的非同步反应,此机制可解释(H₃C)nH_3-nC-N₃(n=0～2)烷基叠氮系列热解温度的光电子能谱结果.     

通过高速挤出制备高性能PBS/PETG共混材料

通过高速挤出技术制备了高性能聚丁二酸丁二醇(PBS)/聚(乙二醇-co-环己烷-1, 4-二甲醇对苯二酸酯)(PETG)共混材料,研究了不同PETG含量和不同螺杆转速对共混材料相区尺寸和性能的影响.研究发现PETG质量分数存在一个最佳用量:即为20%时,随着转速的提高PETG分散相相尺寸从最初的2.27μm逐渐降低到0.89μm.与此同时,共混材料的屈服强度从最初的26.2 MPa增加到33.4 MPa,提高了27.5%.断裂伸长率也从最初的13.3%提高到133.3%,实现了从脆性断裂到韧性断裂的转变.而当PETG的质量分数为10%或30%时,提高转速对PETG分散相的相尺寸减少不多,对共混材料力学性能有一定提升.最佳用量的存在表明高速挤出引起的相区尺寸减少是一个破碎与聚并动态平衡的过程.将不同的组成和加工的转速下获得的共混物的屈服强度与分散尺寸作图,发现它们成近似的反比关系,进一步证明PETG减小分散相相尺寸对共混材料性能提升的重要性.     

基于TVAR模型的人民币汇率的价格传递效应

利用门限向量自回归模型对人民币有效汇率的价格传递效应进行了研究,分析了不同的通货膨胀环境对人民币汇率传递效应的影响.以通货膨胀率作为门限值变量,并以0.001 175和0.006 118为门限值进行实证分析.得到汇率传递效应在不同的通货膨胀环境下显著性存在差异,在高通货膨胀下汇率对国内价格的传递效应是显著的,然而在低通货膨胀下是不显著的.考虑了汇率传递对国内价格的非线性性,进而更加准确的验证了通货膨胀与汇率传递的相关性.     

硅烷化聚氨酯复合催化剂的研究

以聚丙二醇、TDI、N-正丁基-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷和蒙脱土为主要原料,采用原位聚合方法研究了蒙脱土和有机铋化合物对环境友好和储存稳定的硅烷化聚氨酯催化作用.通过滴定法测试了反应体系中异氰酸根(NCO)含量的变化,发现蒙脱土可以催化NCO与OH的反应,且与有机铋化合物具有协同效应,利用在线红外分析仪证实了蒙脱土的催化...     

介孔分子筛SBA-15的脂肪酶固定量分析测定

利用吸附法将假丝酵母脂肪酶(candida rugosa lipase,CRL)固定在介孔分子筛SBA-15上,对比了由单波长紫外分光光度法、双波长紫外分光光度法和二辛可宁酸法(bicinchoninic acid method, BCA)法测定的酶蛋白浓度及酶蛋白固定量.结果表明: SBA-15对紫外吸收有明显干扰,单波长紫外法测定结果远大于双波长紫外法和BCA法,双波长紫外法和BCA法测定结果较接近.利用BCA法测定了不同浓度CRL在介孔分子筛上的固定量,考察了固定化酶的泄漏量.在编号分别为Lu001和LLSD1的介孔分子筛SBA-15上的载酶量分别为16.6和114.12 mg/g.在缓冲溶液中SBA-15固定化酶的泄漏率只约为0.5%,可作为良好的酶固定化载体.