改性纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂上C5～C8混合烷烃的芳构化反应

在小型固定床反应器上研究了水蒸气钝化及过渡金属(Ni,Co,Cu,Zn)改性对调变纳米HZSM-5沸石催化剂上C5~C8混合烷烃芳构化反应的作用.采用NH3-TPD和Py-FT-IR方法表征了改性催化剂的表面酸性质,并与其催化芳构化性能进行了关联.结果表明,在450℃下进行水蒸气钝化能显著提高催化剂的芳构化选择性,减少甲烷和乙烷等低碳烷烃的生成;催化剂进一步用锌盐或铜盐溶液浸渍改性,可以显著提高催化剂的抗积炭失活能力.这是由于水蒸气钝化能适当减少沸石表面的酸量,降低酸强度,而铜、锌改性可进一步减少B酸中心,增加L酸中心,并与B酸中心协同作用形成具有脱氢活性的催化中心,从而影响混合烷烃的活化方式与芳构化路径.     

Pd(OAc)_2与有机双膦在氯代烷中的反应机理(Ⅱ)研究

在前文[1 ,2 ] 基础上 ,扩展了有机双膦系列 .应用电子自旋捕获技术 (EPR ST)研究了Pd(OAc) 2 与系列有机双膦dppm(二 (二苯基膦甲烷 ) )、dppe(二 (二苯基膦乙烷 ) )及dppp(二(二苯基膦丙烷 ) )在氯代烷中反应的反应机理 ,所用捕获剂为PBN ,得到EPR实验谱并进行了模拟 .提出了反应机理并进行了讨论 .并对影响反应的一些因素进行了探讨 .Pd(OAc) 2 在此反应中既是反应物又是引发剂 ,在反应中起分子诱导作用 .当Pd(OAc) 2 与非自由基物种有机双膦配体及氯代烷共存时 ,引发了自由基反应 .     

2-Cyclopropyliden-1,3-cycloalkandione als Zwischenstufen einer nukleophilen Substitution am Dreiring

Reaction of morpholinobicycloalkyl-dimedone4 C with various CH-acids3 leads to a substitution of theexo-dimedone unit as a consequence of a strong preference of theexo-leaving group in a bicyclic compound of type4 and5, respectively. Dimedone (3 C) as a nucleophile, however, makes theexo substitution unproductive in4 C and allows the displacement of the morpholino moiety leading to12 C. Thus compounds12 C–12 F could be obtained directly from the N,O-acetal1 and the CH-acids3 C–3 F by a twofold substitution, the isolation of the monoalkylated compounds4 not being necessary. Formation of12 C–12 F involves aMichael addition of3 C–3 F to the unstable 2-Cyclopropylidene-1,3-cycloalkanedione intermediates7 C–7 F. Cyclopentanedione3 F as a CH-acid and1 gave the enamine17 F besides12 F. The Hexahydroazepino-N,O-acetal19 in this special case was superior leading exclusively to12 F.

     

Ethane hydrogenolysis on silica-supported tantalum hydride. Quantum-chemical study

The structures of the (H₄Si₂O₅)O₂Ta(R, RR"R, RR) clusters (R, R", R = H, Me, Et, Pr; R = CH₂), which model the basic structural units of the catalytic cycle of ethane hydrogenolysis on silica-supported tantalum hydride, were studied by the density functional theory (B3LYP) and the perturbation theory (MP2). The possible structure of active sites was proposed based on comparison of experimental results with calculated data. Ethane hydrogenolysis and metathesis proceed by a mechanism involving the formation of ethylene -complexes and carbenium derivatives of tantalum as intermediates.     

Additive Schemes for Calculating the Properties of Alkane Conformers Including Interdependent Bond Rotation. I. Enthalpy

A technique is suggested for evaluating the properties of alkane conformers using the parameters of internal rotation of interdependent C-C bonds. To determine the mean conformational composition of a rotational equilibrium mixture of alkane conformers, one need not exhaust the latter because the contribution of the conformation energy to alkane enthalpy can be expressed in terms of the product of tensors with further convolution over indices.     

利用富含木质素的稻草低温重组制备生物石油

在构成秸秆类生物质的三大天然高分子结构中,只有木质素的碳氢氧比(1∶1.3∶0.3)与天然石油的碳氢氧的比(1∶1.6∶0.05)比较接近.本文通过弱酸酸解和纤维素酶酶解对原稻草样品进行前处理,分别除去了92.5%的半纤维素和72%的纤维素,得到富含木质素(36%)的样品,然后在320℃和10MPa的条件下低温重组制备汽、柴油馏份油,即"生物石油".与稻草低温重组制备的生物石油相比,长链烷烃的含量(32.85%)大大提高,而醛酮酸等含氧酸的含量(4.37%)大幅度降低,使油的组分更加集中于芳香类化合物和长链烷烃,从而有利于生物石油进一步的分离,制备高价值的汽、柴油产品.     

Surface crystallization and phase transitions of the adsorbed film of F(CF<Subscript>2</Subscript>)<Subscript>12</Subscript>(CH<Subscript>2</Subscript>)<Subscript>16</Subscript>H at the surface of liquid tetradecane

The interaction between a long chain alkane, tetradecane (abbreviated H₁₄), molecule and a semi-fluorinated alkane, 1-perfluorododecyl-hexadecane F(CF₂)₁₂(CH₂)₁₆H (abbreviated F₁₂H₁₆), molecule at the air/ H₁₄ solution interface was studied by measuring the surface tension of the H₁₄ solutions of F₁₂H₁₆ as a function of temperature and bulk concentration under atmospheric pressure. Pure liquid H₁₄ freezes without forming a condensed film at its surface. Nevertheless, a very small amount of F₁₂H₁₆ initiates the surface freezing of H₁₄. In contrast to the F₁₂H₁₆-hexadecane (abbreviated H₁₆) system, the condensed monolayer of H₁₄ has a finite solubility of F₁₂H₁₆ in the F₁₂H₁₆-H₁₄ system. By further increasing the bulk concentration of F₁₂H_16, the F₁₂ chains of the F₁₂H₁₆ molecules form the other closely packed condensed state. Hence, as in the case of the H₁₆ system, the H₁₄ system also exhibits a surface hetero-azeotrope behavior in the lower temperature region. Below the surface hetero-azeotropic point, the condensed H₁₄ monolayer containing a small amount of F₁₂H₁₆ is completely replaced by the condensed monolayer of F₁₂H₁₆. At 2 °C, for example, a surface of H₁₄ solution of F₁₂H₁₆ covered with a gaseous film of F₁₂H₁₆ is replaced by a condensed H₁₄ monolayer containing an almost gaseous state of F₁₂H₁₆, and is then completely replaced by the condensed monolayer of F₁₂H₁₆ with increasing bulk concentration. Above the temperature of the triple point for the F₁₂H₁₆ monolayer, the F₁₂H₁₆-H₁₄ system exhibits a gaseous, expanded, and condensed state.     

A non-radical mechanism for methane hydroxylation at the diiron active site of soluble methane monooxygenase

We propose a non‐radical mechanism for the conversion of methane into methanol by soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO), the active site of which involves a diiron active center. We assume the active site of the MMOH_Q intermediate, exhibiting direct reactivity with the methane substrate, to be a bis(μ‐oxo)diiron(IV ) complex in which one of the iron atoms is coordinatively unsaturated (five‐coordinate). Is it reasonable for such a diiron complex to be formed in the catalytic reaction of sMMO? The answer to this important question is positive from the viewpoint of energetics in density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our model thus has a vacant coordination site for substrate methane. If MMOH_Q involves a coordinatively unsaturated iron atom at the active center, methane is effectively converted into methanol in the broken‐symmetry singlet state by a non‐radical mechanism; in the first step a methane C? H bond is dissociated via a four‐centered transition state (TS1) resulting in an important intermediate involving a hydroxo ligand and a methyl ligand, and in the second step the binding of the methyl ligand and the hydroxo ligand through a three‐centered transition state (TS2) results in the formation of a methanol complex. This mechanism is essentially identical to that of the methane–methanol conversion by the bare FeO⁺ complex and relevant transition metal–oxo complexes in the gas phase. Neither radical species nor ionic species are involved in this mechanism. We look in detail at kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for H atom abstraction from methane on the basis of transition state theory with Wigner tunneling corrections.     

位阻型金属卟啉的合成及其催化烷烃基化的反应

本文用平衡法制备了中位-四(3,5-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基等基)卟啉(T~D~T~B~M~OPP), 并制备了该卟啉的铁、锰、钴、锌、铜、镍的金属配合物。经红外光谱、电子光谱、核磁共振谱, 元素分析等确认了这些均未见报道的金属卟啉。考察了在温和条件下, 以T~D~T~B~M~O PP Fe^III C和T~D~T~B~M~O PP Mn^III Cl为了催化剂, PhIo为氧化剂, 在CH~2Cl~2中氧化n-C~6H~1~4的反应, 并将结果与别的催化剂进行了比较。