Preparation of LLDPE/MgAl-LDH Exfoliation Nanocomposites with Enhanced Thermal Properties by Melt Intercalation

The interlayer surface of MgAl layered double hydroxide(MgAl-LDH)was modified by exchanging about halfof the interlayer nitrate anions by dodecyl sulfate anions(DS)to get MgAl(H-DS)LDH,and then the MgAl(H-DS)was melt intercalated by LLDPE to get the LLDPE/MgAl-LDH exfoliation nanocomposites.The samples werecharacterized by Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),ion chromatography,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and thermogravimetry analysis(TGA).The nanoscale dispersion ofMgAl-LDH layers in the LLDPE matrix was verified by the disappearance of(001)XRD reflection of the modifiedMgAl-LDH and by the TEM observation.The TGA profiles of LLDPE/MgAl-LDH nanocomposites show a fastercharring process between 210 and 370℃ and a higher thermal stability above 370℃ than LLDPE.The decomposi-tion temperature of the nanocomposites with 10 wt% MgAl(H-DS)can be 42℃ higher than that of LLDPE at 40%weight loss.     

新题征展(101)

A题组新编 　　1.(王荣峰)已知函数f(x)=ax3+x2-x(a∈R) 　　(1)若f(x)在(2,+∞)上单调递增,则a的取值范围是____. 　　(2)若f(c)在(2,+∞)上存在单调递增区间,则a的取值范围是____……     

数字散斑识别算法中的GPU高性能运算应用研究

数字散斑相关方法有着测量环境简单、全场非接触等优点,但算法效率一直是限制其发展的瓶颈之一。GPU有着天然的并行性,GPU高性能运算可以为计算机图形处理带来极大的效率提升。利用CUDA平台编程对传统的数字散斑逐点搜索算法、十字搜索算法及遗传算法进行GPU高性能并行处理,并与传统方法比较分析。实验结果表明,对于尺寸为150150像素的散斑图像,3种方法效率分别提升了20倍、8倍、31倍;对于尺寸为500500像素的散斑图像,3种方法效率分别提升了183倍、33倍、44倍;对于尺寸为1 0001 000像素的散斑图像,3种方法效率分别提升了424倍、116倍、44倍。     

光笔式双目视觉测量系统标定技术研究

针对光笔式双目视觉测量系统的标定问题,讨论了关于相机内参、双相机外参以及测量笔的相关标定理论,开发了一整套基于LabVIEW的标定系统。运用张氏平面标定法实现了相机内参标定。结合基于标准长度的外部参数标定方法,实现了双相机外参数标定。运用粒子群算法和LM算法相结合,加快了目标函数高维寻优速度。在测量笔标定环节,提出了一种基于最小二乘法的现场校准方法。标定系统完成了后期开展相关测量前的所有准备工作,具有较高的精度和实用性。在测量系统标定结果基础上对直径25 mm标准陶瓷球进行测量,测量结果标准差达到0.019 mm。     

单晶硅表面制绒及其特性研究

研究了在不同的碱液(NaOH,Na2CO3,NaHCO3,Na2 SiO3,Ca(OH)2,CH3 COONa)和异丙醇(IPA)制绒下单晶硅表面金字塔结构的变化情况,使用分光光度计测量了不同结构表面的反射率变化.结果表明,金字塔绒面的表面反射率与金字塔结构及大小分布情况有关,实验中获得的最低表面反射率为7.8;.金字塔结构断面SEM图显示金字塔顶角在断面上的投影角度不会随反应条件和金字塔大小改变,维持在80°左右.最后,通过制绒后硅片表面金字塔形貌的扫描电镜图样和反射率的分析,提出了织构率α的概念,得到了快速了解单晶硅表面金字塔覆盖率的方法.     

背接触势垒对a-Si∶H/c-Si异质结太阳电池性能的影响

由载流子输运理论推出a-Si∶ H/c-Si异质结太阳电池的背接触势垒是其J-V曲线出现S-shape现象的原因之一,此时电池内部存在两个串联反偏的二极管,阻碍载流子输运.通过模拟计算验证该结论,发现硅基异质结太阳电池背接触产生的肖特基势垒高度存在最大临界值,高于此值则电池的开路电压、填充因子和转换效率会急剧衰减,而短路电流密度基本不变.     

CAEP太赫兹自由电子激光首次饱和出光

中国工程物理研究院基于超导射频直线加速器的谐振腔型太赫兹自由电子激光(CTFEL)于2017年8月29日16时首次饱和出光,并稳定运行,中心频率2.56 THz,谱宽1.9%,宏脉冲平均功率大于5.7 W。     

异核双原子和三原子分子在红外强激光场中的电离抑制

Ionization is the fundamental process in interaction of atoms/molecules with femtosecond strong laser fields. Comparing to atoms, molecules exhibit peculiar behaviors in strong-field ionization because of their diverse geometric structures, molecular electronic orbitals as well as extra nuclear degrees of freedom. In this study, we investigate strong field single and double ionization of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) in linearly polarized 50-fs, 800-nm laser fields with peak intensity in the range of 2×10¹³ W/cm² to 2×10¹⁴ W/cm² using time-of-flight mass spectrometer. By comparing the ionization yields with that of the companion atom krypton (Kr), which has similar ionization potential to the molecules, we investigate the effect of molecular electronic orbitals on the strong-field ionization. The results show that comparing to Kr, no significant suppression is observed in single ionization of both molecules and in non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) of CO, while the NSDI probability of CO₂ is strongly suppressed. Based on our results and previous studies on homonuclear diatomic molecules (N₂ and O₂), the mechanism of different suppression effect is discussed. It is indicated that the different structure of the highest occupied molecular orbitals of CO and CO₂ leads to distinct behaviors in two-center interference by the electronic wave-packet and angular distributions of the ionized electrons, resulting in different suppression effect in strong-field ionization.