从绿色价值观到绿色价值

绿色产业从传说到传奇似乎只在一夜之间。其实不然,世界各国正以各自独擅的取向、领域和方式迅速发展,展现了一幅绿色产业全球蜂起的热烈景象：     

Structural changes concurrent with ferromagnetic transition

Ferromagnetic transition has generally been considered to involve only an ordering of magnetic moment with no change in the host crystal structure or symmetry, as evidenced by a wealth of crystal structure data from conventional X-ray diffractometry (XRD). However, the existence of magnetostriction in all known ferromagnetic systems indicates that the magnetic moment is coupled to the crystal lattice; hence there is a possibility that magnetic ordering may cause a change in crystal structure. With the development of high-resolution synchrotron XRD, more and more magnetic transitions have been found to be accompanied by simultaneous structural changes. In this article, we review our recent progress in understand- ing the structural change at a ferromagnetic transition, including synchrotron XRD evidence of structural changes at the ferromagnetic transition, a phenomenological theory of crystal structure changes accompanying ferromagnetic transitions, new insight into magnetic morphotropic phase boundaries (MPB) and so on. Two intriguing implications of non-centric symmetry in the ferromagnetic phase and the first-order nature of ferromagnetic transition are also discussed here. In short, this review is intended to give a self-consistent and logical account of structural change occurring simultaneously with a ferromagnetic transition, which may provide new insight for developing highly magneto-responsive materials.     

微量Co修饰的碳载超细Pt纳米粒子的制备及其在燃料电池氧还原催化中的应用

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)具有清洁、高效等优点,是一种理想的汽车动力电源.然而,由于其阴极氧还原反应(ORR)速率缓慢,需要使用大量的Pt基催化剂,导致燃料电池成本居高不下,严重制约了PEMFC的商业化发展.将Pt与过渡金属Fe, Co, Ni等形成合金,对表面Pt原子的几何结构和电子结构进行调变,可以有效提高催化剂的活性,实现Pt用量和燃料电池成本的降低.但是目前合金催化剂多采用溶剂热、浸渍-高温退火等制备方法,使用有毒有害试剂和难清洗的表面活性剂,且过程复杂、能耗高,不利于大规模化生产.此外,合金中过渡金属占比高,在燃料电池工况下,大量过渡金属溶解,加速了膜的降解,导致实际PEMFC性能的降低.对此,我们探索了一种简便有效的方法制备高活性、高稳定性的碳载Pt-Co催化剂.在没有添加表面活性剂的情况下,采用硼氢化钠辅助乙二醇还原法合成了具有超小尺寸和均匀分布的Pt-Co纳米颗粒,后续酸刻蚀处理去除不稳定的Co原子,重组双金属纳米颗粒的表面结构形成富Pt壳层,进一步提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性.通过电感耦合等离子体、X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜、高角环形暗场-扫描透射-元素分布及光电子能谱等物理表征证实了微量Co改性的碳载超细铂合金纳米颗粒的组成和结构.进一步对催化剂进行旋转圆盘电极和单电池测试,结果表明, Pt_(36)Co/C具有明显高于商业化Pt/C的有效电化学活性面积和电池性能.此外,加速衰减测试和衰减前后的电镜图片表明, Pt_(36)Co/C催化剂的稳定性相较于Pt/C亦有所增强.分析Pt-Co/C催化性能提高的原因,主要归于以下三点:(1)催化剂纳米颗粒在载体上分布均匀,且具有超小的粒径尺寸,提供了大量的三相反应界面位点;(2)双金属配体和电子效应的协同作用,降低了氧化物质在催化表面的吸附能力,加速了ORR的电催化动力学;(3)酸蚀刻导致的不稳定Co的溶解及催化剂表面结构的重排,形成了富Pt壳层结构,有利于提高催化剂的稳定性.这种简单有效的合金制备方法可以在电催化领域推广使用.     

近期热点文章

正关键词:壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼光谱·ORR反应机理·纳米催化剂Y. H. Wang, J. B. Le, W. Q. Li, J. Wei, P. M. Radjenovic, H. Zhang, X. S. Zhou, J. Cheng, Z. Q. Tian,J. F. Li. In-situ Spectroscopic Insight into the Origin of Enhanced Performance of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts towards ORR, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2019, 58,16062-16066.在分子水平实时揭示纳米电催化反应机理对科学设计高效催化剂具有重大意义,但也极富挑战.厦     

A Stable Porous Silicon Dielectric Reflector with a Photonic Band Gap Centred at 10μm

By pulsed anodic etching at low temperature, we prepared a porous silicon reflector with a photonic band gap centred in the long-wavelength infrared spectral region （centred at about 12 μm）. After proper oxidation process, the stable reflector structure, which can reflect electromagnetic wave from 8 μm to 12 μm （centred at 10 μm） within wide incidence angles （about 50°）, is obtained. The wavelength shift of absorption peak of Si-H and Si-O shows the influence of oxidation process and indicates the stability of oxidized porous silicon dielectric reflector, which offers possible applications for the room temperature infrared sensor.     

谈物理学的进展高新技术与物理教学

物理学的发展对人类文化产生了深刻的影响．在物理教学中,应该介绍一些物理学的新成就、新课题、高新技术,跟踪物理科学的最新进展．把讲授基础知识与介绍物理科学的新进展结合起来,让学生了解物理科学的发展带来的新技术在各个领域中的广泛应用,使物理     

时空光场调控以及时空光涡旋波包的研究进展(特邀)

综述了时空耦合光场,包括时空光场的理论背景,产生时空光场的实验方法,以及时空光涡旋波包的研究现状.由于时空光场的生成涉及色散与衍射效应之间微妙的相互作用,尽管用于产生时空耦合光场的实验装置与现有的4f脉冲整形器实验装置几乎相同的,但与传统的脉冲整形或光束整形技术相比,时空光场的生成过程更为丰富.新型时空光场具有独特的光...