变斑变焦激光切割光学系统的设计

为了满足不同材料、不同厚度板材加工的需求,设计了一种光斑大小和焦点位置可变的激光切割光学系统,该变斑变焦激光切割光学系统由复合准直镜组、变焦镜组、补偿镜组和聚焦镜组组成;采用在普通光学聚焦系统的准直镜组与聚焦镜组中间放置可调倍率扩束系统,再将准直镜组和可调倍率扩束系统合并成一个复合准直镜组的方案,简化了系统设计;建立了四镜组可变斑变焦光学系统的物理模型,推导了各镜组之间的移动规律,并利用MATLAB软件进行理论验证;在现有切割光学系统的基础上,设计一种变斑变焦激光切割光学系统,并利用软件优化像差。结果表明:通过移动变焦镜组和补偿镜组,得到了放大倍率为1.000～3.750、焦点上下可调范围为-20～+10 mm的焦斑,实现了焦斑大小和焦点位置的精准可调。     

热膨胀系数异性轴夹角优化分析

高超声速飞行器需要先进的材料进行热防护,比如增强碳/碳材料.有两种将碳纤维制作成碳/碳球锥外形的工艺,研究表明在每种工艺中,碳/碳块体或碳纤维热膨胀系数异性轴角度对结构热应力影响很大,为此本文发展了一套优化设计方法,对给定的对流加热温度场可以实现球锥热应力的最小化.分析结果表明对于热膨胀系数异性轴角度,存在某些取值点,那时结构热应力分别达到最大和最小值.在异性轴模晕小于同性平面模量的条件下,对于工艺1,如果将球锥对称轴设置成垂直于碳/碳块体的同性平面,可以将热应力减至最小;对于工艺2,如果能将编制面内的碳纤维束异性轴角度取成负值(即指向来流方向),则球锥热应力也可以得到相当程度的减小.     

基于倏逝波的光纤生物传感器研究

构建了一种以光纤束作为激发光信号和荧光信号传输通道的光纤生物传感器结构.根据光纤探针的倏逝波理论和模式匹配理论对光纤探针的几何形状进行了设计,制作了数组光纤探针并根据需要对其中一部分进行荧光标记.选择了光纤探针置于空气中和水溶液中两种情况,对光纤传感器系统进行了信号检测实验,对比标记了的和未标记的相同几何结构参数的光纤探针两者在系统中被探测的信号差异.从二者的差别区分出系统所探测的倏逝波激发的荧光信号,证明了该光纤传感器系统的可行性.     

面向突防的多导弹协同弹道规划方法

针对目前多弹协同研究中长距离、宽速域、大空域协同弹道规划研究匮乏这一问题,同时考虑通过弹道设计降低飞行过程中雷达探测概率的实际需求,提出了一种面向突防的多导弹攻击时间/攻击角度协同的弹道规划方法。根据雷达方程,建立了威胁量化模型;针对多导弹攻击时间/攻击角度协同作战需求,给出了实现攻击时间/攻击角度协同的方法;设计了协同弹道规划求解框架,将上述协同攻击问题转化为非线性规划问题,基于hp-自适应Radau伪谱法进行求解得到了满足攻击时间/攻击角度协同的弹道,并对两种典型案例进行了仿真验证。同地先后发射和不同地同时发射情况下,均得到了满足攻击时间/攻击角度协同的弹道。仿真结果表明,该方法能够满足雷达探测威胁最小条件下,多导弹以协同攻击时间/攻击角度对目标实施打击。     

Luminescence of a GaN grain with a nonpolar and semipolar plane in relation to microstructural characterization

We report on the growth of the high-quality GaN grain on a r-plane sapphire substrate by using a self-organized SiN interlayer as a selective growth mask.Transmission electron microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and Raman spectroscopy are used to reveal the effect of SiN on the overgrown a-plane GaN growth.The SiN layer effectively terminates the propagation of the threading dislocation and basal plane stacking faults during a-plane GaN regrowth through the interlayer,resulting in the window region shrinking from a rectangle to a "black hole".Furthermore,strong yellow luminescence(YL) in the nonpolar plane and very weak YL in the semipolar plane on the GaN grain is revealed by cathodoluminescence,suggesting that C-involved defects are responsible for the YL.     

A first-principles study of B2 NiAl alloyed with rare earth element Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu

The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of NiAl alloyed with rare earth elements Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu are investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The study suggests that Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu are all tend to be substituted for Al site. Ni₈Al₇Pm possesses the largest ductility. Only the hardness and ductility of Ni₈Al₇Eu are enhanced simultaneously. The covalency strength of Ni-Al bond in Ni₈Al₇Pm is higher than that in Ni₈Al₇Eu. The covalency strength of Al-Al bond and that of Ni-Ni bond in Ni₈Al₇Eu are higher than that in Ni₈Al₇Pm. Ni-Pm bond and Ni-Eu bond are covalent, and the covalency strength of Ni-Pm bond is greater. Al-Pm bond and Al-Eu bond show great covalency strength and ionicity, respectively.     

我国的新型煤化工产业——煤制甲醇

对我国新型煤化工产业煤气化生产合成气和煤制甲醇的生产工艺作了介绍,涉及煤资源综合利用、低碳绿色化学工业、反应条件的选择以及我国新型煤化工产业的发展特点和成就等.     

High-order Lagrangian cell-centered conservative scheme on unstructured meshes

A high-order Lagrangian cell-centered conservative gas dynamics scheme is presented on unstructured meshes. A high-order piecewise pressure of the cell is intro- duced. With the high-order piecewise pressure of the cell, the high-order spatial discretiza- tion fluxes are constructed. The time discretization of the spatial fluxes is performed by means of the Taylor expansions of the spatial discretization fluxes. The vertex velocities are evaluated in a consistent manner due to an original solver located at the nodes by means of momentum conservation. Many numerical tests are presented to demonstrate the robustness and the accuracy of the scheme.     

利用离子交换法制备银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构及其光催化性能的研究

通过将水热法制备的钛酸盐纳米管,质子化得到氢基钛酸盐纳米管(H-TNTs)后,利用离子交换法,在碱性条件下,制备出银沉积二氧化钛纳米结构(Ag@TiO2).采用XRD、TEM、XPS、DRS等手段对不同工艺下制备的Ag@TiO2的形貌、结构、组成和光学性能进行了表征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了其光催化活性.研究发现,利用离子交换的方法,可以将银以单质银的形式均匀沉积在二氧化钛纳米结构中,随着煅烧温度的升高,Ag@TiO2光催化剂的形貌由管状结构转变成棒状结构,在长度不断减小的同时,直径不断增大,同时结晶度逐步提高.550℃煅烧的Ag@TiO2的光催化活性最好,以其为光催化剂,60 mL 20 mg·L-的甲基橙在1.5h时降解完全.     

差分进化算法研究进展

差分进化算法是一类当前较有实力的实参随机优化算法,已成功解决很多实际问题.由于算法结构简单易于执行,控制参数少且有较强的搜索能力,差分进化算法吸引了众多进化算法学者的关注.本文概述了差分进化算法的基本概念,综述了差分进化算法的主要变体,讨论它们的优缺点,并指出下一步的改进方向.