一氯甲烷同步辐射光电离研究: 离子生成焓与键能的测定

本文报道超音速射流冷却条件下, 用同步辐射光研究CH3Cl光电离及其解离电离的动力学, 测得CH3Cl的电离能(IP)为11.28±0.01eV。通过测定CH3Cl光解离电离碎片的出现势(AP), 并结合有关已确认的热力学数据, 获得了它们的标准生成焓、离子型分子中的键能、中性分子或自由基中的键能及母体离子的解离能等热力学数据。对CH3Cl分子VUV光解离电离通道进行了分析。     

在Ni/HZSM-5催化剂上低温水蒸汽重整生物油制氢

We investigated high catalytic activity of Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts synthesized by the impregna-tion method, which was successfully applied for low-temperature steam reforming of bio-oil. The influences of the catalyst composition, reforming temperature and the molar ratio of steam to carbon fed on the stream reforming process of bio-oil over the Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were investigated in the reforming reactor. The promoting effects of current passing through the catalyst on the bio-oil reforming were also studied using the electrochemical catalytic re-forming approach. By comparing Ni/HZSM-5 with commonly used Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, the Ni₂₀/ZSM catalyst with Ni-loading content of about 20% on the HZSM-5 support showed the highest catalytic activity. Even at 450 oC, the hydrogen yield of about 90% with a near complete conversion of bio-oil was obtained using the Ni₂₀/ZSM catalyst. It was found that the performance of the bio-oil reforming was remarkably enhanced by the HZSM-5 supporter and the current through the catalyst. The features of the Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts were also investigated via X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma and atomic emission spectroscopy, hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller methods.     

Effects of Current upon Electrochemical Catalytic Reforming of Anisole

The reforming of anisole (as model compound of bio-oil) was performed over the NiCuZn-Al₂O₃ catalyst, using a recently-developed electrochemical catalytic reforming (ECR). The influence of the current on the anisole reforming in the ECR process has been investigated. It was observed that anisole reforming was significantly enhanced by the current approached over the catalyst in the electrochemical catalytic process, which was due to the non-uniform temperature distribution in the catalytic bed and the role of the thermal electrons orig-inating from the electrified wire. The maximum hydrogen yield of 88.7% with a carbon conversion of 98.3% was obtained through the ECR reforming of anisole at 700 oC and 4 A. X-ray diffraction was employed to characterize catalyst features and their alterations in the anisole reforming. The apparent activation energy for the anisole reforming is calculated as 99.54 kJ/mol, which is higher than ethanol, acetic acid, and light fraction of bio-oil. It should owe to different physical and chemical properties and reforming mechanism for different hydrocarbons.     

C12A7-Mg催化剂水蒸汽重整生物油、石脑油和CH4制氢

Hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming of the bio-oil, naphtha, and CH4 was investigated over anovel metal-doped catalyst of (Ca24Al28O64)4+￠4O-/Mg (C12A7-Mg). The catalytic steam reforming wasinvestigated from 250 to 850 ±C in the ˉxed-bed continuous °ow reactor. For the reforming of bio-oil, theyield of hydrogen of 80% was obtained at 750 ±C, and the maximum carbon conversion is nearly close to95% under the optimum steam reforming condition. For the reforming of naphtha and CH4, the hydrogenyield and carbon conversion are lower than that of bio-oil at the same temperature. The characteristics ofcatalyst were also investigated by XPS. The catalyst deactivation was mainly caused by the deposition ofcarbon in the catalytic steam reforming process.     

利用双段床反应器从生物油重整合成气合成甲醇

一种组合了合成气在线调整和甲醇合成的双段床反应器,成功应用于由生物油重整得到的富CO₂合成气的高效合成甲醇．在前段催化床反应器内,富含CO2的原始生物质合成气在CuZnAlZr催化剂的催化作用下可以有效地转化为含CO的合成气．经过450 oC的合成气在线调整之后,CO₂/CO的比率由6.3大幅降至1.2．经过调整后的生物质基合成气在后段催化床反应器内由工业CuZnAl催化剂催化合成甲醇,当反应条件为260 oC 和5.5 MPa时得到每小时每kg催化剂的最大甲醇     

利用生物质气化合成气在FeCuZnAlK催化剂上高效制备清洁生物燃料

研究了生物质气化合成气在Fe_1.5Cu₁Zn₁Al₁K_0.117催化剂上高效转化为清洁生物燃料的合成过程. 利用生物质气化合成气合成的生物燃料最大产率为1.59 kg/(kgcatal·h), 其中醇占0.57 kg/(kgcatal·h), 液体烃占1.02 kg/(kgcatal·h). 在生物燃料中, 醇类产物主要为C2⁺醇(主要为C2-C6高碳醇), 其含量占总醇的7     

SF2自由基3d,5s里德伯态的实验确认

利用自行研制的脉冲直流放电装置产生SF₂自由基，结合共振增强多光子电离(REMPI)技术，研究了27—294nm范围内SF₂自由基(2+1)REMPI激发谱，获得了SF₂自由基3d,5s里德伯态相应的带源及被激活的对称伸缩振动模的振动频率，并估算了这些态的量子亏损值． 关键词：     

C12A7-MgO催化剂上的生物油裂解制氢

快速裂解生产生物油被认为是最经济的生物质生产液体燃料的路线之一.液体生物油具有易收集、易存储、易运输优势.与直接气化相比,生物油更容易通过改性转化为燃料;还能从中提取某些具有很高价值的化工原料和产品.因此,生物质裂解液化制生物油具有十分重要的意义.对生物质进行热化学处理以得到富氢燃气已进行了一些研究[1,2].而关于生物油裂解产氢的研究较少[3].本工作利用我们合成的C12A7MgO催化剂,研究了催化裂解生物油制备富氢燃气的活性以及催化剂寿命,并用X射线衍射方法对催化剂的结构进行了表征.将CaCO3和γAl2O3按摩尔比12∶7研磨…     

CF自由基5pπE2Пr(ν’=1)←X2П(ν’’=0)带的转动分析

The two-photon resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum between 285 and 288.5 nm of the 5pπE2Πr(v’=1)←X2Πr(v’’=0) band of CF radical is reported. The band is rotationally analyzed, and the spectroscopic constants of the state are first derived: σ0 = 69566.38±0.52 cm-1, A'v= 46.4±0.3 cm-1, B'v= 2.565±0.017 cm-1, D' v = (8.6±1.2)×10-6cm-1.     

生物质快速热解制备液体燃料

本文回顾了生物质快速热解液化技术的国内外研究现状,重点叙述了初级生物油的化学组成和燃料性质,指出生物油是一种复杂的含氧有机混合物,具有水分含量高、氧含量高、热值低、酸含量高、安定性差和化石燃油不互溶等独特的性质;针对这些性质,介绍了几种常用的生物油精制提炼方法,包括催化裂解、催化加氢、高温热解气过滤、添加助剂、催化酯化、柴油乳化以及制备富氢合成气与费托合成,并分析了各种精制技术发展的关键问题.