石墨烯负载的氧配位钴单原子稳定金属锂负极

Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm⁻³), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m²∙g⁻¹), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻², and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm⁻²). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm⁻², the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm⁻², and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm⁻², its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g⁻¹, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g⁻¹) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries.     

用于液体激光介质的Nd~(3+)离子掺杂氟化镧纳米颗粒的制备与性能表征

设计并合成了掺杂不同Nd3+离子浓度的氟化镧纳米颗粒,并用油酸进行了表面修饰,使得这类纳米颗粒可分散于常见的有机溶剂中形成透明、均一、稳定的溶液。对纳米颗粒的结构、晶相以及发光性能进行了表征。固体和溶液材料在1 060 nm都有强的发射峰,说明纳米晶格可有效地保护Nd3+离子免受外界环境对发光的猝灭影响。纳米颗粒有机溶液的吸收损耗和散射损耗测试结果表明,其总损耗系数能够满足激光介质材料的损耗要求,为该材料的实用化打下了基础。     

有机反应机理研究综述发表

<正>有机反应机理研究,尤其是催化反应的机理研究已经成为计算有机化学最重要和活跃的领域之一。北京大学深圳研究生院化学生物学与生物技术学院吴云东课题组利用理论和实验结合的优势,在有机反应机理研究以及预测领域取得了一系列的前沿研究成果。他们对organcatalyst,hydrofunctionalization     

基于长波长光激发的光敏剂和载体在肿瘤光动力治疗中的应用

光动力疗法是近年来兴起的一种新型的微创性治疗肿瘤的方法,目前已经成功地应用于临床上多种恶性肿瘤治疗中,并取得了良好的效果。然而,由于生物组织对可见光的吸收和散射,使得光线无法穿透组织到达身体内的目标区域,所以该疗法更适用于浅表肿瘤的治疗。长波长光尤其是近红外光具有良好的组织穿透深度,其在治疗组织深处的肿瘤方面具有显著的优势。基于长波长光激发的光敏剂及载体在实体肿瘤的治疗领域已经取得了丰硕的研究成果。本文将从光敏剂的研发、双光子激光的使用、上转换纳米粒子的引入等方面简要概述近十年来用于光动力治疗中的组装体系,以及长波长激发光在光动力治疗方面的发展趋势。     

局部凸空间P-自反下的中点局部k-一致凸性(光滑性)

在局部凸空间已有的中点局部kk-一致凸性和中点局部k-一致光滑性这一对对偶概念的基础上,证明了中点局部kk-一致凸性与中点局部(k+1)-一致凸性的关系,给出了在P-自反的条件下它们之间的等价对偶定理.     

关于上三角矩阵代数之间经典伴随交换单射

令F是一个域,且|F|n+1,m,n为整数且m,n≥3.Tn(T_m)(F)是F上所有n×n(m×m)上三角矩阵的集合.本文中,刻画了从T_n(F)到T_m(F)的保经典伴随交换的单映射,给出了映射的表达式,对相应的方阵的工作是一个新的补充,所用方法是将其化归为相应的线性保持问题.     

2-距离空间中平方型压缩映象的一个新的耦合公共不动点定理

在2-距离空间的框架下, 利用映象对的ω-相容性条件, 建立了一类新的平方型压缩条件, 讨论了此类映象耦合公共不动点的存在性和唯一性.证明了一个新的耦合公共不动点定理, 也提供了一个有效的例子来支持该文的新结果.该文的结果改善了之前文献中的相关结果.     

Brauer代数的中心维数问题

Brauer代数B_n(t)是一种在表示论,数学物理中重要的带一个参数t的有限维代数.当t取普通值时它们的结构已经了解得比较清楚,例如,不可约表示分类.当t取某些特殊值时有关它们还仍有些问题未探明.本文讨论任意参数时Brauer代数的中心的维数问题.主要结论是当t取某些特殊值时,Brauer代数中心的维数必定大于或等于t取普通值时它们的维数.     

Besov空间中双参数Volterra型重分数过程的弱逼近

In this paper, we prove that two-parameter Volterra multifractional process can be approximated in law in the topology of the anisotropic Besov spaces by the family of processes{B_n(s,t)},n∈N defined by B_n(s,t)=∫_0~s ∫_0~tk_(a(s))(s,u)K_(β(t))(t,u)θ_(n(u,v))dudv,here {θ_n(u, v)}n∈N is a family of processes, converging in law to a Brownian sheet as n→∞,based on the well known Donsker's theorem.     

粉末X射线衍射法监测发光有机分子结构转化的综合实验教学

结合粉末X射线衍射技术在物相分析领域的应用设计了一个综合创新性实验。实验内容主要包括利用粉末X射线衍射技术监测激发态分子内质子转移(Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer,ESIPT)有机分子在溶剂熏蒸下的结构转化过程。本实验综合培养了学生对粉末X射线衍射仪的操作技巧以及数据处理分析能力,提高了学生利用现代科学仪器来解决实际问题的能力。