基于荧光分析技术的大鼠肠灌流液中H_2S含量测定

荧光素汞在碱性条件下具有很强的荧光,H2S能与荧光素汞结合,使其荧光猝灭,据此建立了一种荧光法测定大鼠肠灌流液中H2S含量的方法。在0.1mol·L-1 NaOH溶液中,以Na2S作为H2S供体,荧光素汞浓度为5.0×10-5 mol·L-1,Na2S浓度为1.0×10-5 mol·L-1时,以498nm为激发波长,在522nm处测定此二元体系的荧光强度。结果表明,在4.0×10-7~2.0×10-6 mol·L-1范围内,H2S浓度与荧光强度的下降程度呈良好的负相关性,r=0.998 0,精密度实验RSD=4.59%(n=7),检出限3.5×10-8 mol·L-1,样品中H2S含量分别为1.01×10-6和1.15×10-6 mol·L-1,加标回收率为95.8%~101.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,稳定性好,可准确测定肠灌流液中H2S含量,为内源性H2S的测定提供了依据。     

Shock and traveling wave phenomena on an externally damped, non-linear string

We examine the propagation of shocks and traveling wave phenomena on a one-dimensional string that is executing finite-amplitude, transverse vibrations in a resisting medium. As part of our study, we develop an approach that allows us to describe, albeit approximately, the evolution and propagation of a shock front using analytical methods. In addition, exact traveling wave solutions, one of which involves the Lambert W-function, of the string's equation of motion are determined and analyzed. Lastly, a possible new form of the solution to the linearized problem is presented and extensions and other applications of the present work are briefly discussed.     

Noether-Type Symmetries and Conservation Laws Via Partial Lagrangians

We show how one can construct conservation laws of Euler-Lagrange-type equations via Noether-type symmetry operators associated with what we term partial Lagrangians. This is even in the case when a system does not directly have a usual Lagrangian, e.g. scalar evolution equations. These Noether-type symmetry operators do not form a Lie algebra in general. We specify the conditions under which they do form an algebra. Furthermore, the conditions under which they are symmetries of the Euler-Lagrange-type equations are derived. Examples are given including those that admit a standard Lagrangian such as the Maxwellian tail equation, and equations that do not such as the heat and nonlinear heat equations. We also obtain new conservation laws from Noether-type symmetry operators for a class of nonlinear heat equations in more than two independent variables.     

Shocks and slip systems: Predictions from a mesoscale theory of continuum dislocation dynamics

Exploring a recently developed mesoscale continuum theory of dislocation dynamics, we derive three predictions about plasticity and grain boundary formation in crystals. (1) There is a residual stress jump across grain boundaries and plasticity-induced cell walls as they form, which self-consistently acts to attract neighboring dislocations; residual stress in this theory appears as a remnant of the driving force behind wall formation under both polygonization and plastic deformation. We derive the predicted asymptotic late-time dynamics of the grain-boundary formation process. (2) During grain boundary formation at high temperatures, there is a predicted cusp in the elastic energy density. (3) In early stages of plasticity, when only one type of dislocation is active (single-slip), cell walls do not form in the theory; instead we predict the formation of a hitherto unrecognized jump singularity in the dislocation density.     

Some characterizations of magnetic Sobolev spaces

ABSTRACT

The aim of this note is to survey recent results contained in Nguyen H-M, Squassina M. [On anisotropic Sobolev spaces. Commun Contemp Math, to appear. DOI:10.1142/S0219199718500177]; Nguyen H-M, Pinamonti A, Squassina M, et al. [New characterizations of magnetic Sobolev spaces. Adv Nonlinear Anal. 2018;7(2):227–245]; Pinamonti A, Squassina M, Vecchi E. [Magnetic BV functions and the Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu formula. Adv Calc Var, to appear. DOI:10.1515/acv-2017-0019]; Pinamonti A, Squassina M, Vecchi E. [The Maz'ya-Shaposhnikova limit in the magnetic setting. J Math Anal Appl. 2017;449:1152–1159] and Squassina M, Volzone B. [Bourgain-Brezis-Mironescu formula for magnetic operators. C R Math Acad Sci Paris. 2016;354:825–831], where the authors extended to the magnetic setting several characterizations of Sobolev and BV functions.     

Trifluoromethylation‐Initiated Remote Cross‐Coupling of Carbonyl Compounds to Form Carbon–Heteroatom/Carbon Bonds

By involving the reversal of conventional reactivity expectations without external oxidants, we describe a novel and convenient protocol of remote cross‐coupling of carbonyl compounds with a series of common and simple nucleophiles. This cross‐coupling is triggered by radical trifluoromethylation of alkenes, thereby achieving highly selective remote difunctionalization of alkenes and α‐position of the carbonyl group for facile access to trifluoromethyl α‐halo‐ and α‐cyanocarbonyl compounds. The reaction exhibits a broad substrate scope with excellent functionality tolerance and many different types of nucleophiles; further synthetic applicability of the obtained compounds proved to be suitable, thus showing great potential for synthetic utility.     

Thermodynamic description of the viscosity of liquid solder alloys with minor Co impurities

Because of the increasing complexity and cost of experiments carried out, the data for the multi-component alloy systems have frequently been obtained by numerical modelling. It is clear that the related calculations require reliable data dealing with the pure components and binary alloy systems. Selecting the reliable data concerning the pure components from the literature, the viscosities for the SAC and (SAC)_1?x Co_x solder alloys have been calculated using different viscosity models (geometric and physical). The viscosity decreases as the amount of tin content increases in the SAC387 alloy while the addition of the cobalt to SAC387 solder results in the increasing of the viscosity. Moreover, by computing the root mean square values between theoretical and experimental viscosities, it can be concluded that the lowest value among all models is that of obtained by Kaptay equation.     

Enantioselective phospha-Michael reaction of diethyl phosphonate with exocyclic α,β-unsaturated benzocyclic ketones catalyzed by a dinuclear zinc−AzePhenol catalyst

The dinuclear zinc complexes as high performance catalysts were used to catalyze phospha-Michael reaction of exocyclic α,β-unsaturated benzocyclic ketones under mild conditions, and the desired products possessing 1-indanones or 1-tetralones skeleton were obtained with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99%/99% ee and yields of up to 99%. The absolute stereochemistry of the major products catalyzed by (R,R)-L1 was determined to be the (R,R)-configuration by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3d. A positive nonlinear effect was observed and the possible mechanism was proposed.