基于混合高斯模型的运动目标检测

针对运动目标检测中的背景复杂度高、视频数据计算量大等问题, 且为避免计算不同复杂程度的视频背景, 并能够准确地获取所需要的运动目标, 提出了一种基于混合高斯模型的运动目标检测方法. 首先采用混合高斯模型获取运动目标特征; 然后利用中值滤波方法去除视频目标运动特征中的背景噪声; 最后依据形态学运算方法对通过统计直方图得到的运动显著图进行处理, 从而获取最终的运动目标. 对标准视频序列集的检测表明, 利用该算法获取的运动目标不仅能抑制背景噪声, 而且精准度和误差都优于普通的视频运动目标检测算法.     

Synthesis and characterization of NaAlSi_2O_6 jadeite under 3.5 GPa

The high pressure and high temperature(HPHT) method is successfully used to synthesize jadeite in a temperature range of 1000℃–1400℃ under a pressure of 3.5 GPa. The initial raw materials are Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O and Al_2(SiO_3)_3.Through the HPHT method, the amorphous glass material is entirely converted into crystalline jadeite. We can obtain the good-quality jadeite by optimizing the reaction pressure and temperature. The measurements of x-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR) and Raman scattering indicate that the properties of synthesized jadeite at 1260℃ under 3.5 GPa are extremely similar to those of the natural jadeite. What is more, the results will be valuable for understanding the formation process of natural jadeite. This work also reveals the mechanism for metamorphism of magma in the earth.     

微喷射物质作用下脉冲信号电探针的放电机理

针对脉冲信号电探针在微喷射物质作用下出现的“非正常”放电现象,提出了微喷射物质K+R_x等效电路模型,用以解释微喷射物质导通电探针放电机理。开展爆轰实验,联合X射线测试技术,确定了电探针放电区域处于微喷射区与微层裂区的过渡地带,并发现电探针的3类“非正常”放电现象。建立电路仿真模型,将微喷射物质等效成K+R_x电路,调节K+R_x等效电路模型参数,模拟电探针的3类“非正常”放电现象。仿真结果表明,K+R_x等效电路模型很好地解释了微喷射物质作用下脉冲信号电探针的放电机理。     

固体火箭燃气射流驱动液柱过程的CFD分析

固体火箭燃气射流驱动液柱过程会产生一个复杂的非稳态多相流场,为了研究液柱对固体火箭发动机工作过程中射流流场的降温效果,并揭示燃气冲击液柱的流动演化和气水之间的相互作用,利用FLUENT软件中耦合了液态水汽化方程的VOF多相流计算模型对燃气与液柱之间的耦合流动及相变过程进行了数值模拟,并与无液柱情况下射流流场的计算结果进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,当有液柱平衡体时射流流场中的压力、温度、速度波动幅度均减小,减弱了射流流场中的湍流脉动强度;液柱与燃气之间的汽化以及液柱的阻碍作用减小了射流流场的轴向发展位移,尾管后的完全发展射流流场核心区域内的压力峰值降低了0.9 MPa,温度峰值降低了503 K,速度峰值降低了291 m/s,验证了实验中液柱对燃气射流流场的降温效果。     

兴奋模式下谐波复合音音高感知机制的研究

通过测量谐波复合音的基频辨别阈,探讨中等"高次谐波"的音高感知是否依赖于谐波的可分离性,以及掩蔽音对实验结果的影响。实验方法:在目标音单独存在或目标音与掩蔽音混合时,将刺激通过高、中、低三个带通滤波器以获得不同的谐波可分离度。实验刺激设计为5种基频差异和4种相位组合。五名被试均为年轻人,纯音听阈≤15 dB HL。研究结果发现:谐波复合音的基频辨别阈随着信号频段的上移而增大;目标音和掩蔽音的基频差异对基频辨别阈有显著影响;但相位影响不显著。结论:谐波的可分离性对基频辨别阈有显著影响,但中等"高次谐波"的音高感知不依赖于可分离性;混合音的大部分音高感知结果与兴奋模式的峰值大小密切相关。      

近红外光谱波段优化在白酒酒醅成分分析中的应用

为了提高白酒酒醅主要成分的快速检测技术水平,利用近红外光谱法对白酒酒醅中的水份、淀粉、酸度和酒精度进行定量分析,通过PLS建立酒醅成分定量分析模型,同时采用CARS、间隔偏最小二乘变量选择法(iPLS)和无信息变量消除法(UVE),实现光谱特征波段选择,并利用多元散射校正(MSC)、导数以及标准正态变量变换(SNV)等预处理方法进行模型优化。用决定系数(R2)、预测标准偏差(RMSEP)以及最佳主因子数对模型进行评价,确定最佳建模方法。结果表明：波段筛选能够对模型起到优化作用,并提高模型运算速度,其中CARS优化效果最为明显,酒醅水份、淀粉、酸度和酒精度的R2分别达到0.885,0.915,0.951,0.954;RMSEP分别为0.630,0.519,0.228,0.234,有效地提高了模型的稳定性与准确度。经过优化,所建模型预测效果好,能够满足白酒酒醅主要成分的快速检测要求,在实际应用中有一定的参考价值。     

Probe spectrum of a four-level atom in a double-band photonic crystal

In this paper, the probe absorption spectrum of an atom in a double-band photonic crystal have been studied. In the modes, we assume that one of the two atomic transitions in a Λ-type atomic system is interacting with free vacuum modes, and another transition is interacting with free vacuum modes, isotropic photonic band gap (PBG) modes and anisotropic PBG modes, separately. The effects of the fine structure of the atomic lower levels on the probe absorption spectrum are investigated in detail in the three cases. The most interesting thing is that the two (four) transparencies at one (two) probe absorption peak(s), caused by the fine structure of the lower levels of an atom, are predicted in the case of isotropic PBG modes.     

Nanoscale carbon tubules deposited in anodic aluminium oxide template： a study of soft x-ray transmission

Well-aligned, catalyst-free nanoscale carbon tubules array was prepared by organic compound vapour deposition method using anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) as a template. The experiment of soft x-ray channelling in such carbon tubules array deposited in AAO template was performed at Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The transmission of x-rays in carbon tubules array with AAO template support was found even higher than that in bare AAO template at high-energy part of energy spectrum though the porous area of the former was smaller than that of the latter. A qualitative explanation is presented to interpret our results.     

势阱中粒子能级与波函数微扰计算的代数递推公式

利用超位力定理(HVT)和Hellmann-Feynman 定理(HFT),导出了由有精确解的势阱的能级值用微扰法直接计算一维势阱的各级近似能级的普遍代数公式,并导出了由能级近似值计算定态波函数近似表达式的代数公式.给出了代数公式具体应用的几个典型一维势阱实例.此法可推广到二维势阱与三维势阱的情形.     

GaAs基底上金纳米粒子的二维组装及其表面增强喇曼散射活性

利用巯基苯胺作耦联分子,成功地将Au纳米粒子组装到GaAs(100)表面上,并且用TM-AFM观察了纳米粒子在表面上的分布情况.Raman研究表明,该基底显示出表面增强喇曼散射活性.