盐酸四环素在Nafion膜上的吸附动力学及其介导的金微纳米晶体的生长

实验发现,盐酸四环素能够很好吸附到Nafion膜上,动力学研究表明其吸附是与浓度相关并由扩散控制的一级动力学过程,扩散系数为8.5×10-9 cm2 s-1,遵循BET吸附等温线,表明其多层吸附特性.研究表明,当吸附了盐酸四环素的Nafion膜浸入合适浓度的氯金酸溶液时,盐酸四环素能够介导金微纳米晶体在Nafion膜上的生长,且通过简单改变氯金酸溶液的浓度,可以调控金微纳米晶体的形态.这一实验结果为金属微纳米材料Nafion聚合物复合膜的制备提供了新思路,这种金微纳米材料Nafion聚合物复合膜在化学生物传感设计和材料科学领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

结合可见光促进氧化还原和镍催化的碳碳键合成进展

结合可见光促进氧化还原和镍催化的碳碳键合成研究,是对过渡金属催化的交叉偶联反应的重要补充,具有广阔的发展空间和应用前景,是近年来有机光化学合成的前沿热点领域之一。本文依据反应设计的模式划分,小结目前该领域的研究进展。     

金属异头碳效应

异头碳效应是有机化学中经典立体电子效应的重要组成部分。异头碳效应可以解释吡喃糖中异头碳上电负性较大的取代基倾向于占据直立键,而非立体位阻更具优势的平伏键的现象。本文简要回顾了异头碳效应的发展历史及其重要应用,重点介绍了有机糖化学前沿的金属异头碳效应。当吡喃糖中异头碳上连接金属元素时,可以通过改变金属的种类、价态、配体以及底物结构有效调控金属异头碳效应。通过科研反哺本科教学,有助于化学相关专业学生进一步加深对金属异头碳效应这一新兴研究领域的理解和认识。     

基于g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66复合物修饰电极的电化学发光传感器用于测定水中邻苯二酚的含量北大核心CSCD

利用锆金属有机骨架(UiO-66)与半导体石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))复合可形成异质结结构,构建了一种基于g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66复合物修饰电极的电化学发光传感器用于水中污染物邻苯二酚的检测。分别合成g-C_(3)N_(4)和UiO-66,将二者充分研磨、煅烧后,得到g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66复合物。以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂配制1.0 g·L^(-1)的g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66分散液,分取3.0μL,用滴涂的方式修饰到处理好的玻碳电极(GCE)表面,自然晾干后,得到g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66修饰的GCE(g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66@GCE)。以g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66@GCE为工作电极,铂丝为辅助电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,将该三电极系统置于含有50 mmol·L^(-1) K_(2)S_(2)O_(8)的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 7.5)中,采用循环伏安法在-1.6~0 V内,以0.1 V·s^(-1)速率进行扫描,记录加入邻苯二酚前后体系的电化学发光强度差值,即猝灭值。结果表明:体系电化学发光强度猝灭值与邻苯二酚浓度的对数呈线性关系,线性范围为1.0×10^(-5)~5.0×10^(-2)μmol·L^(-1),检出限为9.0×10^(-12)mol·L^(-1);用6根g-C_(3)N_(4)-UiO-66@GCE进行重现性试验,6次测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3%;按照测试条件在-1.6~0 V内连续循环扫描31次,结果显示,加入邻苯二酚前后,测定值的RSD均小于4.0%;并且该传感器对对苯二酚、间苯二酚、葡萄糖、Na^(+)、K^(+)等干扰物质具有较好的抗干扰能力;用此电化学发光传感器分析自来水样品并进行加标回收试验,结果未检出邻苯二酚,回收率为98.4%,测定值的RSD(n=5)为3.8%。     

硼、氮共掺杂多孔碳的制备及其超电容性能

分别以含氮菲咯啉、四硼酸钾和醋酸锌为碳源、活化剂和模板,制备了B、N共掺杂多孔碳(BN-PC),并探究模板质量对BN-PC结构和储电性能的影响。当醋酸锌质量为5 g时,所得BN-PC₅中B、N杂原子含量分别为20.21%、18.29%。电化学测试结果表明,以6 mol·L^-1KOH为电解液,BN-PC₅电极展现出高的比电容(在0.05 A·g^-1电流密度下为255 F·g^-1)、优异的倍率性能(在20 A·g^-1电流密度下为188 F·g^-1)和卓越的循环稳定性(在5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环10 000次比电容保持率为97%)。以3mol·L^-1ZnSO₄为电解液,在平均功率密度为56 W·kg^-1时,BN-PC₅电容器的能量密度可达27 Wh·kg^-1。     

高精度无损质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极Pt载量与分布测试方法

随着质子交换膜燃料电池商业化的推进,为提高膜电极制造的可重现性,保障膜电极制造工艺的产品控制,需要Pt载量和分布无损高精度在线检测提供技术支撑。根据欧姆定律与焦耳定律,利用质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极在直流激励电压下产生的电流密度和热分布信号可以对膜电极电阻进行分析,通过膜电极Pt载量与其电阻的关系就可以实现膜电极Pt载量和空间分布分析。通过不同直流激励电压下电流测试,证明了膜电极电阻与Pt载量反相关,Pt载量定量表征精度为0.0008～0.0025 mg/cm²;利用红外热成像法对直流激励电压下膜电极热分布信息的采集成功实现了Pt载量分布的定性分析;最后,通过直流激励前后膜电极性能的对比证明了该方法对膜电极性能是无损的。高精度无损的直流激励测试方法可以实现膜电极Pt载量的高效在线测试,提高膜电极质量和制造效率,降低膜电极制造成本,对于质子交换膜燃料电池大规模商用具有重要意义。     

基于示差脉冲伏安法检测高纯铟电解液中铟离子

采用恒电位沉积法在玻碳电极上制备原位铋膜电极,利用循环伏安法、电化学交流阻抗探究玻碳电极和原位铋膜电极表面的电化学行为。对缓冲液pH、铋离子浓度、富集时间及电位等实验条件进行优化,利用示差脉冲伏安法实现高纯铟电解液中铟离子（In3+）的检测,In3+的溶出峰电流值和其浓度在0.6～2 mg/L范围呈线性关系,线性方程为c=0.061I+0.093,相关系数（R2）为0.998。在NaCl和明胶存在下,该方法仍能够有效地检测高纯铟电解液中In3+浓度。     

基于花生壳碳点快速检测饮料中日落黄和柠檬黄

以一步水热法合成的强荧光性花生壳碳点（PE-CDs）为荧光探针,建立了简单、灵敏快速检测饮料中着色剂日落黄和柠檬黄的方法。日落黄和柠檬黄分别与荧光PE-CDs结合发生静态猝灭作用。在最优条件下,日落黄溶液浓度在6.8～1130μg/mL、柠檬黄溶液浓度在0.2～50μg/mL范围内,都与PE-CDs的荧光猝灭程度呈良好的线性关系,检出限分别为9.3 ng/mL和0.38 ng/mL。对饮料样品中的日落黄和柠檬黄进行测定,回收率分别为96.3%～105.0%和95.0%～106.7%。     

CoMn@NC催化5-羟甲基糠醛常压氧化为2, 5-呋喃二甲酸二甲酯

Dimethyl furan-2, 5-dicarboxylate (DMFDCA) is a valuable biomass-derived chemical that is an ideal alternative to fossil-derived terephthalic acid as a monomer for polymers. The one-step oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to DMFDCA is of practical significance. It not only shortens the reaction pathway but also avoids the separation process of intermediates; thus, reducing cost. In this work, non-noble bimetallic catalysts supported on N-doped porous carbon (CoMn@NC) were synthesized via a one-step co-pyrolysis procedure using different pyrolysis temperatures and proportions of metal precursors and additives. We employed the prepared CoMn@NC catalysts in the aerobic oxidation of HMF under mild reaction conditions to obtain DMFDCA. High-yield DMFDCA was obtained by screening the prepared catalysts and optimizing the reaction conditions, including the strength and amount of the base, as well as the reaction temperature. The optimized yield of DMFDCA was 85% over the Co₃Mn₂@NC-800 catalyst after 12 h at 50 ℃ using ambient-pressure oxygen. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using a variety of characterization techniques, the factors affecting the performance of each catalyst were investigated, and the relationship between the physicochemical properties and performance of the prepared catalysts was elucidated. A porous structure with a high surface area had a positive effect on mass transfer efficiency. Cobalt nanoparticles (NPs) and atomically dispersed Mn were coordinated to N-doped carbon to form M―N_x (where M = Co or Mn). Based on the Mott-Schottky effect, there was significant electron transfer between each metal and the N-doped carbon, additionally, the metal NPs supplied electrons to the carbon atoms. The electron-deficient metal site in the pyridinic N-rich carbon was beneficial for the activation of HMF and oxygen. The activation of oxygen produced reactive oxygen species (such as superoxide radical anions) to ensure high selectivity to DMFDCA through dehydrogenative oxidation of the hemiacetal intermediate and hydroxymethyl group of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-furoate. The existence of disordered and defective carbons increased the number of active sites. Subsequently, we performed a series of control experiments. Based on our current experimental results and previous studies, we propose a simple mechanism for the aerobic oxidation of HMF to DMFDCA. The catalyst was stable, its performance decreased slightly after two cycles, and it was tolerant to SCN⁻ ions and resistant against N or S poisoning. Furthermore, the use of this catalytic system can be expanded to various substituted aromatic alcohols, such as benzyl alcohols with different substituents, furfuryl alcohol, and heterocyclic alcohols. Simultaneously, the product type was further extended from methyl esters to ethyl esters with a high yield when the substrate reacted with ethanol. In conclusion, this catalytic system can be applied in the production of carboxylic esters for polymers.     

“碳中和”背景下高分子材料与工程专业课程教学改革

在“碳中和”背景下,高等教育的教育理念和教学模式应围绕国家可持续发展战略对新型人才的需求而做出调整。结合本校高分子材料与工程专业的特点和发展方向,在强化基础理论和知识的基础上,将本专业课程在教学内容、教学方法和课程思政元素融入等方面进行了系列改革和探索,重点培养学生的“碳中和”理念、创新意识和实践能力,以便进一步提高本专业人才培养质量,满足“碳中和”目标下国家对相关人才的需求。